Conversation: 638-004
Prev: 638-003 Next: 638-005Start Date: 15-Dec-1971 8:45 AM
End Date: 15-Dec-1971 11:30 AM
Participants:
Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob"); Bull, Stephen B.; Butterfield, Alexander P.; Kissinger, Henry A.; White House operator; Smith, Margaret Chase; Connally, John B.; Ziegler, Ronald L.; Scali, John A.; Eisenhower, Julie Nixon; [Unknown person(s)];Recording Device: Oval Office
Full Tape Conversation Start Time: 00:03:37
Full Tape Conversation End Time: 02:49:23
NARA Description:
On December 15, 1971, President Richard M. Nixon, H. R. ("Bob") Haldeman, Stephen B. Bull, Alexander P. Butterfield, Henry A. Kissinger, White House operator, Margaret Chase Smith, John B. Connally, Ronald L. Ziegler, John A. Scali, Julie Nixon Eisenhower, and unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House from 8:45 am to 11:30 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 638-004 of the White House Tapes.
Nixon Library Finding Aid:
Conversation No. 638-4
Date: December 15, 1971
Time: 8:45 am - 11:30 am
Location: Oval Office
The President met with H. R. (“Bob”) Haldeman.
Television program
**********************************************************************
BEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 1
[Personal Returnable]
[Duration: 51s ]
END WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 1
**********************************************************************
The President's schedule
-Ronald L. Ziegler
-Staff meeting
-John B. Connally
Stephen B. Bull entered at an unknown time after 8:45 am.
Pens
Bull left at an unknown time before 8:49 am.
Azores trip
-Media coverage
-Hobart Rowen
-Connally
-Airport statement
Alexander P. Butterfield entered at an unknown time after 8:45 am.
3
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
The President's schedule
-Meeting with Connally
-Timing
-Availability of the President
Butterfield left at an unknown time before 8:49 am.
Azores trips
-Media coverage
-Devaluation of the dollar
-Effects
-US consumers
Henry A. Kissinger entered at 8:49 am.
Oval Office
-Decoration
-“Star of the President”
The President talked with the White House operator at 8:49 am.
Margaret Chase Smith's location
[End of telephone conversation]
Oval Office
-Decoration
-Walter H. Annenberg
-Steuben glass
-Presidential seal
4
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
**************************************************************************
BEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 21
[Privacy]
[Duration: 15s ]
END WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 21
**************************************************************************
-“Star of the President”
-Location in office
-Birds
Azores trip
-Media coverage
-“Today Show” and “Columbia Broadcasting System [CBS] Morning News”
-Explanation of devaluation
-Effects
-Prices
-Jobs
-CBS interview of Connally
-National Broadcasting Company [NBC]
-Georges J.R. Pompidou
-British
-Japanese
-Germans
-Geroge R.S. Baring [Earl of Cromer]
-Talk with Kissinger
-United Nations [UN] Security Council Resolution
-Comments
-Earl of Cromer’s location
-Edward R.G. Heath
-French and US
-Germans and Italians
-George P. Shultz
-Talk with Kissinger
-Convertibility
-Talk with Connally
5
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Peter G. Peterson
-Arthur F. Burns
-Kissinger's talk with Connally
-Meeting
-Convertibility
-Numbers
-Pompidou
-Agreement
-French
-Numbers
-Concessions
-Pompidou
-Note about US reaction
-Press
-Joseph C. Kraft
-Previous conversation with Kissinger
-Reaction to coverage
-French
-“Azores Doctrine”
-“Guam Doctrine”
-Difference in policy
-Dan Rather
-Comments
-"Guam Doctrine"
-Editorials
-Rowen
-Stock Market
-Effect of agreement
-Communiqué
-Pompidou
-Connally
-Status of the dollar
-England
-Italy
-Japan
-Pompidou
-"Group of Ten" meeting
-Devaluation
-Briefing
-Connally’s previous conversation with Kissinger
-Ziegler
6
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Rather [?]
-John A. Scali
-Preparation for questions
-Kissinger
-Pompidou
-Connally
-Praise from Kissinger
-Role
-Liaison with Congress
-Meeting with leadership
-Clark MacGregor
President's schedule
-Florida trip
-Congressional meeting
-Connally
-Percentage of work
India-Pakistan situation
-British resolution
-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics [USSR] assurances
-West Pakistan
-No military attack
-US strategy
-UN
-Possible letter exchange
-Leonid I. Brezhnev and the President
-Effect on People’s Republic of China [PRC]
-West Pakistan
-Summit meeting
-Media coverage
-CBS
-USSR
-Indians
-PRC
-Yuli M. Vorontsov
-Brezhnev
-Gen. Alexander M. Haig, Jr.
-Ziegler
-Coverage of Summit
-Brezhnev
7
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Pakistan
-USSR guarantee
-Vorontsov
-Dividing line
-Formalization
**************************************************************************
BEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 3
[National Security]
[Duration: 1m 57s ]
INDIA
END WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 3
**************************************************************************
Bull entered at an unknown time after 8:49 am.
Smith
-Incoming call
Bull left at 9:12 am.
The President talked with Smith between 9:12 am and 9:14 am.
[Conversation No. 638-4A]
[See Conversation No. 16-103; one item has been withdrawn from the conversation]
[End of telephone conversation]
**********************************************************************
BEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 5
8
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
[Privacy]
[Duration: 14s ]
END WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 5
**********************************************************************
Azores meeting
-Kissinger comments
-New York Times story
-Tad Szulc
-Pompidou
-Terms discussed
-Percentage of devaluation
-Germans, Japanese, and French
-Lyndon B. Johnson
-Connally
-Kissinger opinion
-Shultz proposal
-Germany
-Possible settlement
-Gold prices
-French
-Japanese
-Finance Minister
-Timing
-Peterson report
-Pompidou
-Possible written statement
-Heath
-Pompidou
-“Group of Ten” meeting
-President's stature in Europe
-President's trips to New York and Paris
-French and US relations
-Dwight D. Eisenhower
-Pompidou
-Maurice Schumann
9
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
**************************************************************************
BEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 6
[National Security]
[Duration: 3s ]
FRANCE
END WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 6
**************************************************************************
-Pompidou
-Upcoming American elections
-George H. Gallup polls
**********************************************************************
BEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 7
[Personal Returnable]
[Duration: 4m 37s ]
END WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 7
**********************************************************************
-Media coverage
-Compared to John F. Kennedy
-Nixon Doctrine
Bull entered at an unknown time after 9:14 am.
President's schedule
10
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Connally meeting
Bull left at an unknown time before 9:28 am.
The President's schedule
-Florida
Connally entered at 9:28 am.
Schedule
Azores meeting
-Public relations
-Media coverage
-Ziegler
-Scali
-Upcoming meeting with Connally
-President's instructions about questions
-Publicity
-Haldeman’s opinion
-Compared to "Guam Doctrine"
-CBS coverage
-Rather
-Rowen
-Devaluation of the dollar
-NBC
-Connally interview with Irving R. Levine
-Price rises
-Jobs
-Ziegler
-Scali
-Devaluation
-Trade with Europe
-US progress
-Improvement of American competitive position
-Devaluation
-Imports
-American goods
-Prospects for the future
-Need for modesty
-US position
11
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Consideration for US trade partners
-Possibility of recession abroad
-Earl of Cromer
-Recent conversation with Kissinger
-UN Security Council Resolution
-President’s instructions
-Connally’s upcoming conversation with the Earl of Cromer
-Karl Schiller
-Quoted in the newspaper
-Need for another meeting
-Willy Brandt
-Relationship with Schiller
-Nobel Prize
**************************************************************************
BEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 8
[National Security]
[Duration: 1m 40s ]
WEST GERMANY
END WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 8
**************************************************************************
-Schiller
-Brandt
-Future meeting with the President
-Pompidou
**************************************************************************
BEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 22
[National Security]
[Duration: 43s ]
12
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
WEST GERMANY
END WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 22
**************************************************************************
-Congress
-Henry S. Reuss
-Possible Action
-MacGregor
-Briefing
-Reuss
-Jacob K. Javits
-Authority to devaluate
-Trade terms
-Potential problems
-Convertibility
-Pompidou
-Congress
-Strategy
-Resolution of authority
-Trade concessions
-Banking and Currency Committee
-Finance
-Ways and Means Committee
-Paul A. Volcker
-Inclusion
-Briefing
-Schedule
-Convertibility
-Strategy
-Convertibility
-Agreement
-Recessions and depressions
-World trade
-Camp David
-Burns
13
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Predictions
-Stock exchange
-Agreement
-Briefing
-Peterson
-Shultz
-Paul W. McCracken
-Herbert Stein
-Burns
-Kissinger
-State Department
-Foreign Affairs Committee in Congress
-J. William Fulbright
-Involvement in briefing
-India-Pakistan situation
-Haldeman's call to William P. Rogers
-Macgregor and Connally
-Ways and Means Committee
-Nathaniel Samuels
-Volcker
-Haldeman’s call to Rogers
-State Department’s involvement
-Ziegler
-Scali
-William D. Eberle
-Directive about public statements
-Michael J. Mansfield
-Carl B. Albert
-Michael J. Farrell
Haldeman left at 9:47 am.
-Public statements
-Treasury Department
-Press
-Trade
-Tobacco
-Citrus
-Pompidou
-Meeting with Kissinger
-Tobacco
14
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Grain
-Germans
-Need for his assistance
-Canadians
-Connally's role
-Credit for the President
Connally's schedule
-Call to Germany
-Schiller meeting
-Timing
-Breakfast
-Communications with Egon Bahr
Child care bill
-Media
-James J. Kilpatrick, Jr. column
-News summary
-President's use
-Dallas
-Chicago
-Washington Post
-Kilpatrick
-Column
Azores meeting
-Connally
-Strategy
-Ziegler
-Scali
-Assistance to Connally
-Future
-Jobs
-NBC interview
-Convertibility
-Pompidou
-Shultz
-Instructions
-Conversations with Connally and Kissinger
-Views
15
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
Haldeman entered at 9:55 am.
-Levine
-Previous conversation with Connally
-Pompidou
-Congress
-Agenda
-Trade
-Revaluation of exchange rates
-Political strategy
-Inflation
-International monetary conditions
-Employment
-US leadership
-President’s instructions
-Public relations
-US world position since World War II
-Finance
-Monetary importance
-The President’s August 15, 1971 statement
-Press coverage
-European reaction
-Need for co-operation
-Importance
-Pompidou
-European position
-Germany
-Jobs
-Results of meeting
-Time lag
-Currency realignment
-1972 election
-Impact of trade changes
-Burden sharing
Butterfield entered at an unknown time after 9:55 am.
President's schedule
-Congressional briefing
-Peterson
-Ziegler
16
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Scali
Haldeman, Kissinger, and Butterfield left at 10:00 am.
Azores meeting
-Connally
-Credit for the President
-August 15, 1971 actions
Briefing
-The President’s August 15, 1971 statement
-World markets
-Convertibility
-Jobs in Germany, France, and the US
-Effects on trade
-Need to improve US position
-Attitudes of Europeans
-Economics
-Vitality of all participants
-Importance to US interests
-US stance
-Toughness
-Purpose
-Upcoming agreements
-Japan
-Canada
-Europe
-Devaluation of the dollar
-Scali
-Possible comments by the President
-German deutschemark
-August 15, 1971 actions
-Wage and price controls
-Implications for the future of US currency
-Explanation of US position
-Scali
-Location
Haldeman entered at 10:01 am.
-Photograph
17
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Scali
Ziegler entered at 10:02 am.
President’s instructions
-Need for unity
-Sensitivity of issues
-Connally
-Scali
-Need for open communication
-Timing
Scali entered at 10:05 am.
-Press coverage
-Upcoming negotiations
-Need for White House clearance of remarks
-Connally
-Wage and price freeze
-Taxes
-International monetary situation
-President's accomplishments
-Historical context
-Timing
-The President’s August 15, 1971 statement
-Economic policy
-Inflation
-Phase I and II
-Jobs
-Tax incentive
-International monetary situation
-Chances for success
-Devaluation
-Meaning
-Effect on US goods and jobs
-Reasons
-US monetary situation since World War II
-Compared to other countries
-US dollar overvalued
-Trade situation
-Effect of monetary reform
18
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Timing
-Results of Azores meeting
-President's leadership stressed
Kissinger entered at 10:13 am.
-"Azores Doctrine"
-Corollary to “Guam Doctrine”
-Mutuality and burdensharing
-US role in meeting
-Nationalism
-Effects in Europe
-Burns’s view
-Instability
-Possible recession
-US responsibility
-Spending
-Freedom
-Stability
-European viewpoint
-Pompidou
-Perceived victory
Azores meeting
-Dealing with the Germans and Japanese
-National interests
-Reasons for US involvement
-Offset agreement
-Major currency realignment
-Trade concessions
-Realignment
-Fairness to US dollar
-Pompidou
-Result for France
-Washington Star article
-George Sherman
-Heath's upcoming visit
-Pompidou
-Previous conversation with the President
-Simile
-Lebanese
19
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-United Press International [UPI]
-Helen A. Thomas
-France
-Victory in devaluation
-Attitude toward gold
-Press
-Kissinger's opinion
-US objectives
-US results
-French results
-Ideology
-Gold prices
-World market prices
-Raising of price
-French viewpoint
-Connally's opinion
-Hoarding
-History
-French Revolution
-Kissinger's opinion
-Attitude toward own currency
-PRC
-View of money
-Methods
-French
-View of gold
-Pompidou
-Forthcoming election
-Relative revaluation
-Connally’s backgrounder
-US position compared to French position
-Devaluation
-Revaluation
President’s instructions
-Volcker
-Reuss
-William Proxmire
-Javits
-Democrats
-View of agreement
20
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Possible change
-Franklin D. Roosevelt
-Revaluation
-Effects internationally
-Prices
-Jobs
-Prices abroad
-US product prices
-Effects in the US
-Common Market
-Japan
-Effects on dollar
-Vulnerability and strength
-Realignment of world currencies
-Effects
-Competitiveness of US goods
-Revaluation
-Semantics
-France
-Connally
-Work toward agreement
-Recommendations
-Negotiations
-President's comments about agreement
-Pompidou
-Great Britain
-US economy
-Compared to other Western powers
-Germany and Japan
-Results
-Credit
-Connally
-Friday meeting with Connally
-Instructions
Connally, Scali, and Kissinger left at 10:38 am.
USSR summit
-Press coverage
-Ziegler’s previous conversation with Haig and Kissinger
-India
21
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-USSR
-Ziegler's strategy
-Kissinger
Haldeman talked with Kissinger [?] at an unknown time between 10:38 am and 10:41 am.
[Conversation No. 638-4B]
Requested Kissinger return to the Oval Office
[End of telephone conversation]
-India-Pakistan
-USSR role
-UN
-Effect on negotiations
-Potential problems
West Coast dock strike
-Timing of statement
-Settlement from President
-Possible questions
-Congress
-Legislation
-Need for legislation
-Shultz's, Charles W. Colson's opinion
-Farm belt opinion
-Need for transportation legislation
-Strategy
-Ziegler’s opinion
-Congressional action
Kissinger entered at 10:41 am.
India-Pakistan situation
-Ziegler strategy
-USSR Summit
-Possible effect
-Kissinger’s comments to the press
-Negotiations
-Potential for success
22
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Administration plans
-Rogers
-Effect on negotiations with USSR
-USSR Summit
-Cancellation possibilities
-Kissinger's remarks
-The President’s remarks
-PRC
-Vorontsov
-Meeting with Kissinger
Azores meeting
-Connally
-Compared to rest of Cabinet
-Credit
-Pompidou
-Upcoming Group of Ten meeting
-Publicity
-Negotiations
-Press
-Szulc
-Reaction
-Pompidou
-European press
-Germans
-European press compared to US press
-Spiro T. Agnew
-Skip Isaacs
Ziegler left at 10:54 am.
Release of Richard G. Fecteau from PRC
-Kissinger
-Call to Edward W. Brooke and Edward M. Kennedy
-Kennedy
-Statement
-Human interest story
-Confinement
-Amount of time
-Fecteau and Mary Ann Herbert
-Effect on prisoners of war [POW] wives
23
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Mao Tse-Tung
-John T. Downey
-Sentence commutation
**************************************************************************
BEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 23
[National Security]
[Duration: 8s ]
INTELLIGENCE
END WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 23
**************************************************************************
-Effect on POWs
Kissinger's appointment with Vorontsov
-Timing
-UN Security Council resolution
-Brezhnev letter
-Request for letter about Pakistan USSR intention
-Effect on PRC
-Possible outcome
-Exchange of letters
-PRC
-USSR
-PRC
Personnel
-Scali
-Future assignments
-Ziegler
-Scali
-Importance of public relations
-Reliability
24
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Compared to Ziegler
-Haldeman
-Ziegler
-Desire to get into Washington Special Action Group [WSAG]
-Abilities
-Kissinger’s forthcoming talk with Haldeman
-State Department
-William L. Safire
-Scali
-President's personnel philosophy
India-Pakistan relations
-Summit with the USSR
-Possible cancellation
-Kissinger’s comments
-British resolution
-Strategy
-Opposition
-USSR
-PRC
-Indians
-US conservatives
President's schedule
-Briefing
-Kissinger's memorandum
-Connally’s talking points
Kissinger's meeting with Vorontsov
-Timing
-Connally
Kissinger left at 11:05 am.
USSR Summit
-Kissinger’s comments
President's schedule
-Florida
-Length of visit
-Time interview
25
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Time and location
-Press conference
-Value-added tax [VAT]
Connally
-Negotiations
-Pompidou
-Style
Kissinger
VAT
-Press coverage
-Magazines
-Joseph W. Alsop story
-Property taxes
-Sales taxes
-Effect on the poor
President’s schedule
-Press conference
-Questions and answers [Q&A]
-Vietnam announcement
-Timing
-Public opinion
-Patrick J. Buchanan
-Heath meeting
-Brandt meeting
-Group of Ten meeting
-Location
-Connally’s schedule
-Heath meeting
-Florida
-Weather
-Camp David
-India-Pakistan relations
-Kissinger
-Public opinion
-Meeting with Congress
Bull entered at an unknown time after 11:05 am.
26
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
-Gifts
-Money clips
-Symbolism
-Need for new gifts
-Placement of gifts
-Recipients of gifts
Bull left at an unknown time before 11:30 am.
President's schedule
-John D. Ehrlichman meeting
-Anti-trust action on television networks
-Ehrlichman’s location
-Bill signings
-National Cancer Act of 1971
-Economic Stabilization Act Amendments of 1971
-Alaska claims
-Congress
-Timing of bill signings
-Peterson memorandum
-Commerce Department
-Jobs
-Budget
-Supersonic Transport [SST]
-Ehrlichman
-Possible passage
-“A Day in the Life of the President”
-Music
-Julie Nixon Eisenhower
-Suggestions
-Tchaikovsky, Beethoven, Rachmaninoff, Liszt
-Rose Mary Woods
-“Swan Lake” and “Sleeping Beauty”
-Eugene Ormandy
-London Symphony Orchestra
-Russians
-Departure for Florida
The President talked with the White House operator at an unknown time between 11:05 am and
11:22 am.
27
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
[Conversation No. 638-4C]
[See Conversation No. 16-104]
[End of telephone conversation]
The President's schedule
-Congress
-Bill signing
-Budget
The President talked with Julie Eisenhower between 11:22 am and 11:25 am.
[Conversation No. 638-4D]
[See Conversation No. 16-105; one item has been withdrawn from the conversation]
[End of telephone conversation]
The President's schedule
-Time-Life interview
-Scheduling
-Hedley W. Donovan
-Church service
-Location
-Lincoln Sitting Room
-Staff open house
-Christmas decorating
-Thelma C. (“Pat”) Nixon
-Julie Nixon Eisenhower
-Florida
-Meeting with Congressional leaders
-Helicopter
-Possible duration
-Connally
An unknown person entered at an unknown time after 11:25 am.
-Agnew
-MacGregor and an unknown person
28
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF
Tape Subject Log
(rev. 10/06)
Conv. No. 638-4 (cont.)
The unknown person left at an unknown time before 11:30 am.
**********************************************************************
BEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 20
[Personal Returnable]
[Duration: 1m 14s ]
END WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 20
**********************************************************************
The President’s schedule
-Forthcoming Congressional meeting
-MacGregor
-William E. Timmons
Haldeman left at 11:30 am.