Nixon White House TapesTape 119 › Conversation 119-002

Nixon, Stein & Dunlop on Inflation and Food prices

Tuesday, March 20, 1973 · 8:38 AM–11:59 PM ET · Cabinet Room

President Nixon met with Republican Congressional leaders and economic advisors to discuss strategies for addressing rising food prices, inflation, and the ongoing transition of the wage-price stabilization program. Key topics included the administration's efforts to increase food supplies and imports, the management of labor-management relations, and the necessity of maintaining party unity to sustain presidential vetoes on spending legislation. The meeting underscored the administration's focus on economic control and the importance of Congressional support in implementing fiscal policy.

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2:39:15Maen nhw'n ei wneud.
2:39:17Rydyn ni'n cymryd yn ôl.
2:39:19Ac mae yna ddwy beth.
2:39:21Mae'n golygu, os ydyn nhw'n cymryd yn ôl, yna maen nhw'n hoffi ffrin ni i'r lefel i lawr.
2:39:26A byddai hynny'n gweithio.
2:39:27Ond mae'r pwynt arall yw, er mwyn
2:39:30Mae'r byd yma gyda chyfle i ffyrdd, ac nid yw'n mynd i fod oherwydd, fel y dywedais i, dim ond am ychydig o bobl, oherwydd Joe and I and Nixon.
2:39:38Ychydig o bobl sydd wedi cael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i gael eu cymryd i
2:39:59Rydyn ni'n ystod oed yn y byd yn hyn o bryd, fel amser rydw i yma, ac rydw i'n siŵr fel amser y bydd unrhyw un yn llwyddo i mi yma.
2:40:08Democrat neu Republican, rwy'n credu.
2:40:10Bydd y pwer o'r wlad hwn yn cael ei ddefnyddio i leihau'r anodd o war, nid i'w cynyddu.
2:40:14I leihau'r bwysigrwydd o'r ardal, nid i'w cynyddu.
2:40:16Felly beth fyddwn ni'n ei wneud?
2:40:19Roi'r pwer hwnna i ffwrdd?
2:40:21Ac yna dwi'n dweud, wel, mae'r Rwydwyr yn byw yn nifer un ac yn byw yn nifer ddwy, ac mae hynny'n g
2:40:29o'r rhain, neu Gordi Gordni neu Costigan.
2:40:31Dyna'r pwynt cyntaf.
2:40:35Neu'r rhai o'r milwriaeth ifanc hynny sy'n gwneud hynny.
2:40:38Y rhai sy'n gwneud hynny.
2:40:40Pan fyddant yn nifer un, maen nhw'n mynd i ddweud, gwelwch, mae'n rhaid i ni leihau'r anodd yn y byd.
2:40:47Felly byddwn ni'n mynd i leihau'r anodd yn y byd.
2:40:50Beth fyddant yn ei wneud?
2:40:52Maen nhw'n mynd i ddod i lawr pan fyddwn ni
2:40:58Ac maen nhw'n mynd i ddod i lawr yn unig oherwydd bod gennym rhywbeth rydyn ni'n ei wneud a maen nhw eisiau ei leihau.
2:41:06Ac maen nhw'n mynd i wneud rhywbeth y maen nhw'n ei wneud.
2:41:09Wel, dyma'r holl ysgrifennu.
2:41:11Yr hyn rydw i wir eisiau ei wneud yw hyn.
2:41:13Rydych chi'n mynd i glywed y cwestiwn.
2:41:15Rydych chi'n mynd i glywed chi yn eu cyfweliad.
2:41:18Rydych chi'n mynd i glywed yn eu cyfweliad.
2:41:22Ac rwy'n deall hynny.
2:41:23Mae rhai o'n rhai o'n rhai o'n rhai o'n rhai o'n rhai o'n rhai o'n rhai o'
2:41:29ond hyd yn oed yn ystyried ei fod yno, byddaf yn dweud, fe fyddwch chi'n codi'r llygaid o'r Prif Weinidog y Deyrnas Unedig wrth iddo geisio negosiadu'r ddwy ffyrdd pwysig mwyaf ers gyfweliad byd-eang, cyfyngiad y llygaid a'r Rheswm a'r arweinyddiaid ar y sefydliad, llygaid nucleol, a chynyddu pwysau'r Euras.
2:41:50Dyna'r hyn rydych chi'n gwneud.
2:41:53Felly, o ran y cyd-destunau hyn, nid oes ffordd haws i ddod allan.
2:41:55Ni allwch chi ddweud, gwelwch, rydw i ar gyfer £250 miliwn, £269 miliwn, ond rydw i ar gyfer £600 miliwn mwy ar gyfer y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y... y
2:42:21Rydyn ni wedi cael digwyddiad, Brif Weinidog, sy'n dangos, mewn gwirionedd, bod angen i'r argyfwng ymateb, hyd yn oed yn fwy ymddiriedol i'r fuddsoddiad, sy'n fwy nag unwaith, sy'n cymryd 60% o'i gwasanaethau, ac ati, ac ati, ac ati.
2:42:36Rydyn ni'n gorfod gwneud hynny.
2:42:37Rydyn ni'n gorfod gwneud hynny.
2:42:41Rydyn ni'n gorfod gwneud hynny.
2:42:59Mae'n llwyr.
2:43:00Mae'n llwyr.
2:43:00Mae'n llwyr.
2:43:00Mae'n llwyr.
2:43:02Mae'n llwyr.
2:43:02Mae'n llwyr.
2:43:03Mae'n llwyr.
2:43:27Diolch yn fawr iawn.
2:43:51Mae'n gwestiwn o amser, mae llawer o amser, ac rwy'n cael pob atgoffa i'r cwestiwn o amser.
2:43:56Mae'n dod yn amser eithaf anodd rhai o'r adroddiadau, oherwydd mae'r Gymraeg yn ymwneud â'r Gymraeg, ac rydyn ni'n ymwneud â'r Gymraeg.
2:44:12Wel, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'n, mae'
2:44:39Dydyn ni ddim angen penderfynu am y dollar, dydyn ni ddim angen penderfynu am y gwasanaeth, dydyn ni ddim angen penderfynu am yr holl reolwyr eraill.
2:44:45Maen nhw bob amser yn dweud y bydd economiaeth yn cadw'r Ewrop ar ein ochr.
2:44:48Edrychwch, nid yw economiaeth yn cadw unrhyw dynion ar eich ochr, ond maen nhw'n edrych i lawr i'r musl o'r gwnn.
2:44:54Ond mae yna ffactorau mwyaf.
2:44:56Mae'r Brydein yn cyflwyno'r cyllideb yma, tua 5%.
2:44:59Mae'r Brydein yn gweithio'n gyfrifol iawn.
2:45:00Mae hynny'n iawn.
2:45:03Rwy'n meddwl y bydd hynny'n ddefnyddiol i'r ddau ohonoch.
2:45:09Mae'r Prif Weinidog wedi gwneud hyn yn ystod y flwyddyn diwethaf.
2:45:24We didn't bring you in because we thought you were a wildcat.
2:45:29We usually have one senator and one houseman.
2:45:33I suggested that we ought to perhaps have three and three on your side, the responsibility being on the leadership.
2:45:50Byddwch chi'n cael ychydig mwy o gerdau, gallwch chi gael ychydig mwy.
2:45:57Diolch yn fawr iawn.
2:47:42Diolch.
2:48:42Diolch.
2:49:47Diolch.
2:51:41Diolch.
2:52:41Diolch.
2:54:56Diolch.
2:57:40Diolch.
3:01:03Diolch.
3:10:37Diolch.
3:12:37Diolch.
3:14:37Diolch.
3:16:11Diolch.
3:18:30Diolch.
3:20:30Diolch.
3:21:30Diolch am wylio'r fideo.
3:23:29Diolch.
3:25:15Diolch.
3:27:28Diolch.
3:28:28Diolch.
3:29:15Diolch am wylio'r fideo.
3:30:37Diolch.
3:31:25Diolch am wylio'r fideo.
3:33:21Yn ystod y cyfnod, fe wnaethon ni ddweud y byddai'r cyfnod wedi'i ddweud yn ystod y cyfnod.
3:34:21Diolch.
3:35:19Diolch.
3:36:18Diolch.
3:37:18Diolch.
3:38:18Diolch.
3:39:17Diolch.
3:40:17Diolch.
3:41:17Diolch yn fawr am wylio'r fideo.
3:42:16Diolch.
3:44:16Diolch.
3:45:16Diolch.
3:46:31Diolch am wylio'r fideo.
3:47:07Diolch.
3:48:07Diolch.
3:49:05Diolch.
3:52:04Diolch.
3:54:03Diolch yn fawr am wylio'r fideo.
3:55:03Diolch.
3:56:03Diolch.
3:58:33Yn ystod y cyfnod, fe wnaethwch chi ddweud y byddwch chi'n gwneud unrhyw beth arall.
3:58:34Yn ystod y cyfnod, fe wnaethwch chi ddweud y byddwch chi'n gwneud unrhyw beth arall.
4:00:01Diolch.
4:01:01Diolch.
4:01:36Diolch am wylio'r fideo.
4:02:16Diolch.
4:02:55Diolch am wylio'r fideo.
4:03:28Rydyn ni'n gwneud ychydig o wahanol bethau i'w wneud.
4:03:59Yn ystod y cyfnod, byddwn yn gwneud un o'r rhain yn ystod y cyfnod.
4:04:00Yn ystod y cyfnod, byddwn yn gwneud un o'r rhain yn ystod y cyfnod.
4:08:36Yn ystod y cyfnod, fe wnaethwch chi ddweud y byddwch chi'n gwneud unrhyw beth arall.
4:09:35Diolch.
4:10:35Yn ystod y cyfnod, fe wnaethwch chi ddweud y byddwch chi'n gwneud unrhyw beth i'w ddweud.
4:11:35Diolch.
4:12:35Diolch.
4:13:35Diolch.
4:14:35Diolch.
4:15:34Diolch.
4:18:33Diolch.
4:21:33Diolch am wylio'r fideo.
4:22:44Diolch.
4:23:33Diolch.
4:24:08Diolch.
4:25:18Mae'n dweud yn dda.
4:25:23Mae'n dweud yn dda.
4:25:48Mae hynny'n dda?
4:25:54Ie, mae hynny'n dda.
4:25:58Ie.
4:25:59Ac yna, rydyn ni'n mynd ymlaen ymlaen.
4:26:04Ie.
4:26:04Ie.
4:26:05Ie.
4:26:10Ie.
4:26:10Ie.
4:26:11Ie.
4:26:11Ie.
4:26:11Ie.
4:26:12Ie.
4:26:12Ie.
4:26:16Diolch yn fawr.
4:29:32Diolch.
4:30:23Diolch am wylio'r fideo.
4:31:37Diolch.
4:35:29Diolch.
4:36:29Diolch.
4:37:29Diolch.
4:39:29Diolch.
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4:59:27Diolch.
5:00:57Diolch.
5:08:41Diolch.
5:10:41Diolch.
5:13:41Diolch.

On March 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Republican Congressional leaders, including Herbert Stein, John T. Dunlop, Hugh Scott, Robert P. Griffin, John G. Tower, Norris Cotton, Wallace F. Bennett, William E. Brock, III, Gerald R. Ford, Leslie C. Arends, John B. Anderson, William J. ("Jack") Edwards, John J. Rhodes, Barber B. Conable, Jr., Robert C. ("Bob") Wilson, David T. Martin, Samuel L. Devine, George H. W. Bush, Roy L. Ash, John D. Ehrlichman, Kenneth R. Cole, Jr., William E. Timmons, Richard K. Cook, Thomas C. Korologos, Ronald L. Ziegler, Clifford P. Hansen, Henry L Bellmon, Marlow W. Cook, Dewey F. Bartlett, Delwin M. Clawson, Burt L. Talcott, Harold R. Collier, and Albert W. Johnson, met in the Cabinet Room of the White House at an unknown time between 8:38 am and 11:59 pm. The Cabinet Room taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 119-002 of the White House Tapes.

Conversation No. 119-2

Date: March 20, 1973
Time: Unknown between 8:38 am and 11:59 pm
Location: Cabinet Room

The President met with Herbert Stein, John T. Dunlop, Hugh Scott, Robert P. Griffin, John G.
Tower, Norris Cotton, Wallace F. Bennett, William E. Brock, III, Gerald R. Ford, Leslie C.
Arends, John B. Anderson, William J. (“Jack”) Edwards, John J. Rhodes, Barber B. Conable, Jr.,
Robert C. (“Bob”) Wilson, David T. Martin, Samuel L. Devine, George H. W. Bush, Roy L.
Ash, John D. Ehrlichman, Kenneth R. Cole, Jr., William E. Timmons, Richard K. Cook, Thomas
C. Korologos, Ronald L. Ziegler, Clifford P. Hansen, Henry L. Bellmon, Marlow W. Cook,
Dewey F. Bartlett, Delwin M. Clawson, Burt L. Talcott, Harold R. Collier, and Albert W.
Johnson

     Briefing by Stein
           -Economy
                -Food prices
                      -Latest report
                -International monetary crisis
                      -Dangers
                      -Exchange rates
                            -Transition

     Domestic economy
         -Expansion
         -Unemployment
               -Reduction
         -Production increases
               -Strength
         -Expansion
         -Problem areas

           -Food prices
                 -Farm income
           -World-wide inflation
                 -United States’ devaluation
           -Inflationary pressures
                 -Expansion-oriented economy
                 -Wage and price controls
     -Food prices
           -Increases
                 -End
                 -Administration’s efforts
                       -Stabilization
           -Cattle and meat
                 -Decline
     -Inflation
           -Prices
           -Attitude of labor
                 -Cooperation
           -Standards of Phase III wage-price action
                 -Wages
                 -Cooperation between labor and management
           -System of controls
                 -Advantages
     -Productivity
           -Gains in next year
           -Expansion
                 -Moderation

Food prices
     -Release of report
          -Statement on causes
          -Expectations
     -Decline of farm prices
          -Estimate of supplies
     -Meat supplies
          -First quarter
          -Fourth quarter
          -Changes
                -Pork production
          -Meat
          -Administration’s efforts
          -Increases

           -Public concerns
                 -Supermarket prices
-Consumer Price Index [CPI]
     -Release to public
     -Increase in food prices
           -Increases in next few months
           -Transitory nature
-Impact on general inflation
     -Budget policy
           -Problems
                 -Expansionary economy
                 -Deficit
           -Importance
                 -Compared to prices
-Administration’s policies
     -Controls as option
           -Problems
                 -Farmers
                 -Later increases
                 -Upward pressure
                 -Price and wage controls
                 -Rationing
                       -World War II experience
           -Food prices
           -Later problems
     -Hansen and Bellmon
     -Handling of problem
           -Administration’s efforts
     -Control of marketing and processing
           -Political problems
                 -Future
-Milk
     -Wisconsin representatives
           -Imports of dairy products
     -Milk producers
           -Contributions to campaigns
                 -Wilbur D. Mills
           -Bipartisanship
                 -Wilson
           -Reducing imports
     -Imports
           -Need for action

     -Dairymen
           -Prosperity
-Imported beef
     -Administration position
           -Repeal of tariff
-Worldwide increase in demand
     -Beef
     -World-wide increase in consumption
     -Grain harvests in the People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union
     -Impact on prices
     -Rising expectations
-Supplies of food
     -High production
           -Effect of price controls
           -Inflation
     -Imports
           -US increases
-Cause of high prices
     -Administration’s solution
           -Increasing supplies
           -Increasing imports
           -Increasing production
-Importance of issue
     -Labor settlements
     -Phase III wage-price action effect on labor
           -Difference from Phase II
-Labor settlements
     -Railroads
           -Amount of increase
           -Peter J. Brennan
           -Amount of increase
     -Administration action
     -Influence of prices
           -Labor demands
                 -Escalation
     -Dunlop’s role
-Administrations’s efforts
-Solution to food price problem
     -Intractability
     -Interest groups
           -Farmers, milk producers, and cattlemen
                 -Imports

          -Influence on wage settlements
          -Problem of demand
                -Inflation

Inflation
      -Administration statements
      -United States’ rate
           -Comparison with other nations
           -Great Britain
           -Japan
           -Germany
           -France
           -Italy
           -United States’ economic performance
      -United States’ dollar
           -Strength
                  -International markets
                        -Currency

Wage settlements
    -Processes

Stabilization program
      -Dunlop’s briefing
      -Legislative proposals
      -Agricultural products
      -Phase II
            -Problems
                 -Distortion of economy
                       -Prices
                       -Wages
                 -Transition
            -Domination of controls

Wages
    -Influence of food price increases
          -Negotiations
          -Concern
    -Labor-management relations in 1973
          -Current state
               -Attitude toward work stoppages and strikes
                     -Impact on imports

      -Strikes
            -Extended lay-offs
      -Need and desire for reform
            -Labor Management Advisory Committee
-Negotiations
      -Impact on economy
      -Progress
            -Railroads
            -Teamsters
                  -Importance
-Railroad settlements
      -Ratification problems
            -Exaggerations
      -Tax reductions
      -Wage settlements
            -Percentage increase
            -Fringe benefits
            -Pay Board
      -Public statements
            -Sensitivity
-Teamsters
      -Negotiations
            -National agreement
            -Escalation of demands
            -Chicago teamsters
                  -Agreement with national office
            -Effect on food prices
      -Frank E. Fitzsimmons
            -Challenge from James R. (“Jimmy”) Hoffa
                  -Parole
                  -Split in union
                  -Richard G. Kleindienst
                  -Enforcement of parole
-Settlements
      -Fitzsimmons and George Meany
      -Source of problems
            -Level
            -Locals
                  -Lack of control
      -Railroads
            -Ratification
            -Misunderstandings

                           -Effect on other unions
                -Cost of Living Council [COLC] monitoring
                     -Adherence to controls

    Prices
         -Food prices
               -Statements
               -Government action
                     -Labor wages
                     -Increase of supplies
                     -Sense of concern
         -Controls
               -Monitoring by COLC
         -Productivity
         -Mandatory controls of wages
         -Food
               -Control
         -Industrial prices
               -End of Phase II wage-price controls
                     -Circumstances
         -Food
         -Raw materials
               -Increase of demand
                     -Lumber
         -Stockpile
               -Control
                     -Effect
         -Rents
         -Fuel
               -Gasoline price freeze
               -Energy
                     -Future
                     -Veto of legislation
                           -Natural gas prices
                     -Possible solution
                     -Natural gas

******************************************************************************

    Stockpile

[To listen to the segment (5s) declassified on 02/28/2002, please refer to RC# E-613.]

******************************************************************************

                           -Increase in supply
                           -Deregulation
                                 -Washington Post editorial
                           -Need for action
                                 -Congress
                           -Tennessee and Texas
                                 -Spending
           -Rents
                -Surveys
                      -Increases
                            -Washington, DC
                            -New Jersey area
                -Roll-backs
                      -Internal Revenue Service [IRS]
                      -COLC action
           -Tower’s efforts
                -Legislation
           -Rent control
                -Avoidance of controls
                -COLC and IRS role
                -Impact on supply
           -Controls on food prices and agricultural products
                -Authority
                      -Presidential discretion
                -COLC belief
           -Implementation of controls
           -Lumber
                -Senate Banking and Currency Committee hearing
                -Administration’s program
                      -Expansion of supply
                            -Environmental concerns
                            -Work with Forest Service
                                  -Target levels
                      -International trade

******************************************************************************

     International trade

[To listen to the segment (45s) declassified on 02/28/2002, please refer to RC# E-613.]

******************************************************************************

                -Violations of controls
                -Reduction of supplies
                -Conflicts between Budget Bureau and Forest Service
                      -Allocations of funds
                           -Purposes
                           -Reforestation programs
                -Prices
                      -Phase II
                           -Increases
                                 -Impact
                           -Future supplies
                      -Export embargo in the 1960s
                -Japanese purchases
                -Increases

     Vocational Rehabilitation Bill
         -Congressional passage
         -Veto by the President
               -Background
                     -Spending
               -Deficiencies
                     -Fiscal irresponsibility
                           -Inflationary expectation
                     -Expansion of program goals
                           -Medical programs
                     -Lack of management and accountability
                           -Department of Health, Education, and Welfare [HEW]
                           -Statutory authorities
                           -Categorical grants
                                  -Lack of coordination
                           -Dispersal of authority
               -Support for veto
               -Built-in failures
               -Necessity of veto

                 -Need for support in Congress
     -Budget allocations
           -Increases
     -Veto of bill
           -Statement of reasons
           -Democratic opposition
           -Problems of sustaining
     -Expenditures
           -Increases during administration
                 -Amounts
           -New programs
           -Administration’s proposals
                 -Compared to Congress
     -Barry M. Goldwater
     -Presidential statement
           -Veto of bill
                 -Increased taxes
                       -Publicity
                 -Emphasis on prices and taxes
           -Vote in Senate
                 -Number of Democrats
                 -Tower

Vetoes
     -Votes in Senate
          -The President’s conversation with Ford
          -Numbers to sustain
          -Impact on House
     -Veterans bill
          -Confusion of issue
          -Disabled and Vietnam veterans
                -Universal health coverage
          -House action
          -Need to clarify issue
     -Votes in House
          -Timing
     -Veterans
          -Organizations
                -Efficiency
                -Letters to congressmen
          -The President’s message on veto
                -Timing

    Bills in Congress
          -Preparation
               -Economic stabilization
          -Release of CPI
               -Timing
                     -Problem
                     -Lyndon B. Johnson Administration

    Vetoes
         -Senate support
              -Sustaining veto
              -Need to win first bill
              -Help from White House
         -Republicans
              -Party loyalty
                    -Importance
              -Rural Electrification Administration [REA]
              -Agricultural constituents
              -Vocational Rehabilitation Act
                    -Impact in 1974 election
                    -Impact on future elections
              -Unity
         -Budget issues
              -British system
                    -Importance
                          -Votes of confidence
              -Importance
              -Democrats
                    -Difference of priorities
                    -Compared to Republican priorities
              -Need for party loyalty
                    -Test of executive control and responsibility
                    -Consequences of failure
                          -Tax increase

******************************************************************************

    Defense budget

    Arms talks

     Foreign policy

[To listen to the segment (14m13s) declassified on 02/28/2002, please refer to RC# E-613.]

******************************************************************************

     Leadership meetings
          -Participation
                -Junior members
                      -Usefulness

     Request for figures from Dunlop

The President left at 10:26 am

     [General conversation/Unintelligible]

Stein, et al. left at an unknown time before 11:59 pm
  • 884-001 8:10 AM · 12 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Stephen B. Bull met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 8:10 am and 8:38 am.
  • 884-024 8:10 AM · 32 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 8:10 am and 8:38 am.
  • 119-003 10:26 AM — George H. W. Bush and unknown person(s) met in the Cabinet Room of the White House at an unknown time between 10:26 am and 1:00 pm.
  • 119-004 10:26 AM — a White House tour group met in the Cabinet Room of the White House at an unknown time between 10:26 am and 1:00 pm.
  • 884-002 10:26 AM · 12 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 10:26 am and 10:29 am.
  • 884-003 10:29 AM · 17 min — President Richard M. Nixon, Hugh Scott, Ronald L. Ziegler, Leslie C. Arends, and William E. Timmons met in the Oval Office of the White House from 10:29 am to 10:46 am.
  • 037-163 10:46 AM · 11 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at 10:46 am.
  • 037-164 10:46 AM · 26 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and John W. Dean, III talked on the telephone from 10:46 am to 10:47 am.

Conversation 119-002, March 20, 1973. White House Tapes, Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives. Audio and AI transcript via Easy Nixon, https://www.easynixon.org/tapes/119-002 (accessed September 18, 2026).