{"conversationCode":"323-028","tapeNumber":323,"conversationNumber":28,"identifier":"37-wht-conversation-323-028","startDateTime":"1972-03-17T02:17:00.000Z","endDateTime":"1972-03-17T02:40:00.000Z","startDate":"16-Mar-1972","startTime":"9:17 PM","endDate":"16-Mar-1972","endTime":"9:40 PM","dateCertainty":"certain","timeCertainty":"estimated","participants":"Nixon, Richard M. (President); Sanchez, Manolo;","description":"On March 16, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 9:17 pm and 9:40 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 323-028 of the White House Tapes.","locationCode":"EOB","recordingDevice":"Old Executive Office Building","latitudeEstimated":38.897567,"longitudeEstimated":-77.039147,"chronCode":3,"chronRelease":"Third Chronological Release","chronReleaseDate":"28-Feb-2002","aogpRelease":null,"aogpSegment":null,"lastModified":"2015-07-27T17:04:10.235Z","findingAid":"Conversation No. 323-28\n\nDate: March 16, 1972\nTime: Unknown between 9:17 pm and 9:40 pm\nLocation: Executive Office Building\n\nThe President met with Manolo Sanchez.\n\n******************************************************************************\n\nBEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 1\n[Personal Returnable]\n[Duration: 20s ]\n\nEND WITHDRAWN ITEM NO. 1\n\n******************************************************************************\n\nSanchez left at an unknown time before 9:40 pm.","filename":["323a.mp3","323b.mp3"],"tapeStart":"02:18:21","tapeEnd":"02:19:33","participantsList":["Nixon, Richard M. (President)","Sanchez, Manolo"],"prevCode":"323-027","nextCode":"323-029","tapeTranscriptFile":"323a.mp3,323b.mp3","transcript":[{"start":8314.33,"end":8317.61,"text":"and providing quality of education for all of our children."},{"start":8317.65,"end":8326.14,"text":"I urge you to let your Congressmen and Senators know your views, so that the Congress will have confidence in you in this Congress."},{"start":8326.17,"end":8329.44,"text":"I will also encourage you to note that this is a deeply emotional destination."},{"start":8329.46,"end":8336.86,"text":"I have done my very best to undertake to weigh and balance all the way and respect that the country has."},{"start":8336.9,"end":8338.74,"text":"To strike a balance which is vulnerable and just."},{"start":8338.76,"end":8341.7,"text":"To search for answers that will best serve all our nations."},{"start":8343.34,"end":8349.26,"text":"I realize the program I recommended will not satisfy the extremists on the one side, who oppose busting for their own reasons."},{"start":8349.52,"end":8355.25,"text":"And I realize my program will not satisfy the extreme social planners on the other side, who insist on more busting for their own better education."},{"start":8355.29,"end":8367.26,"text":"And while what I have said tonight will not agree with either extreme, I believe I am expressing the views of the majority of Americans."},{"start":8367.28,"end":8372.9,"text":"I believe that the majority of Americans always want more busting stopped and better education started"}],"transcriptBoundary":{"start":8301,"end":8373,"startMethod":"tape_time","endMethod":"tape_time"},"transcriptConfidence":"low","transcriptSource":"bigtape","aiSummary":{"text":"President Nixon consulted with his valet, Manolo Sanchez, while reviewing remarks for a public address regarding school busing and educational policy. Nixon articulated a middle-ground position that rejected the extremes of both forced busing and total inaction, positioning his proposal as a reflection of the American majority's desire for quality education. This interaction served as an informal sounding board for the President to refine the rhetorical balance of his upcoming message to Congress and the public.","topics":["School busing","Public address","Educational policy","Domestic policy","Presidential communication"],"generatedAt":"2026-04-06T15:05:10.859Z"},"topicSlugs":["school-busing","public-address","educational-policy","domestic-policy","presidential-communication"],"audioDurationSec":72,"audioFiles":[{"file":"323a.mp3","bytes":117327329,"durationSec":7349.77,"bitrate":127707,"missing":false},{"file":"323b.mp3","bytes":112998581,"durationSec":7078.38,"bitrate":127711,"missing":false}],"audioIsShared":true,"audioProbedAt":"2026-09-18T02:19:41.568Z","audio":["https://nixon.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/audio/323a.mp3","https://nixon.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/audio/323b.mp3"],"url":"https://www.easynixon.org/tapes/323-028","nixonLibraryUrl":"https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/white-house-tapes/323/conversation-323-028","license":"Public domain (U.S. Government work). AI-generated fields (transcript, aiSummary) are provided as-is without warranty."}