Nixon White House Tapes › Tape 328 › Conversation 328-025
Nixon, Kissinger & Haig on Vietnam War and North Vietnamese Offensive
Monday, April 3, 1972 · 12:55 PM–1:28 PM ET · Old Executive Office Building · 30 min
AI Summary
President Nixon, Henry Kissinger, and Alexander Haig met to discuss the worsening military situation in South Vietnam following a major North Vietnamese offensive across the Demilitarized Zone. The participants evaluated the effectiveness of South Vietnamese forces, criticized the lack of aggressive air support usage, and coordinated a public relations strategy to frame the conflict as an illegal North Vietnamese invasion. Nixon emphasized the necessity of using U.S. air power to inflict heavy casualties on the enemy, while the group considered the geopolitical risks of the offensive regarding upcoming diplomatic engagements with the Soviet Union and China.
- Vietnam War
- North Vietnamese Offensive
- Air strikes
- South Vietnamese military
- Foreign policy
- Public relations
Audio
Transcript (AI-generated)
This transcript is incomplete. The transcription skipped stretches of speech — roughly 15 minutes of this recording (about 49% of it) is represented by only a few words. Listen to the audio rather than relying on the text below; a corrected transcript is queued.
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NARA Description
On April 3, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon, Henry A. Kissinger, unknown person(s), and Alexander M. Haig, Jr. met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building from 12:55 pm to 1:28 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 328-025 of the White House Tapes.
Nixon Library Finding Aid
Conversation No. 328-25
Date: April 3, 1972
Time: 12:55 pm - 1:28 pm
Location: Executive Office Building
The President met with Henry A. Kissinger.
A meeting
-Arrangements
Vietnam
-Air strikes
-Time
-Weather
-March 8, 1972 strikes
-The President’s recollections
-Demilitarized zone [DMZ]
-Surface to air missiles [SAMs] sites
-Strikes
-Kissinger’s view
-Authority for military strikes
-Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China [PRC]
-Kissinger’s opposition
-Kissinger’s forthcoming call to Alexander M. Haig, Jr.
Kissinger talked with an unknown person at an unknown time between 12:55 pm and 1:28 pm.
[Conversation No. 328-25A]
Requested a call to Haig
[End of telephone conversation]
Kissinger talked with Haig at an unknown time between 12:55 pm and 1:28 pm.
[Conversation No. 328-25B]
Kissinger’s schedule
Vietnam
-Air strikes
-Authority
-March 8, 1972 request from the Joint Chiefs of Staff [JCS]
[End of telephone conversation]
Vietnam
-Air strikes
-SAM sites
-Authorization
-Denial of requests
-North Vietnam build up
-Reports
-Number of sorties
-Limitation
-Adm. Thomas h. Moorer’s report on the Air Force
-Sorties
-Number
-The President’s interest
-Kissinger’s view
-Compared to Laos operation
-Gen. Creighton W. Abrams, Jr.
-Proposals
-[David] Kenneth Rush
-Gen. Robert E. Pursley
-Kissinger’s view
-Melvin R. Laird
-Soviets
-Kissinger’s forthcoming conversation with Anatoliy F. Dobrynin
-Kissinger’ forthcoming message to the Chinese
-Kissinger’s view
-Berlin Agreement
-Situation in Vietnam
-Soviet military equipment
-US air strike
-Leonid I. Brezhnev’s letter
-Pressure on the North Vietnamese
-Soviet Union
-PRC
-Brezhnev’s possible meeting with William P. Rogers
-Air strikes
-Press reports
-The President’s view
-Press
-The President’s view
-Compared to Laos operation
-Kissinger’s briefing of H. R. (“Bob”) Haldeman, John A. Scali and Ronald L.
Ziegler
-Herbert g. Klein
-Scali
-Department of Defense, State Department
-Reports
-Anticipated loss of territory
-State department
-North Vietnamese crossing of the DMZ
-Geneva agreement of 1954
-Defense Department statement
-North Vietnamese units across the DMZ
-North Vietnamese offensive
-South Vietnamese resistance
-Intensity
-Kissinger’s view
-Moorer’s view
-Artillery
-South Vietnamese armor
-Number
-Defense line
-Dong Ha
-Quang Tri
-Hue
-Tanks
-Use of air power
-Weather
-North Vietnamese casualties
-Compared to Laos operation
-Public relations
-Rogers, Laird
-Public comments
-Sense of crisis
-The President’s contacts
-Rogers
-Laird
-Moorer
-Washington Special Actions Group [WSAG] meeting
-Department of defense, state department
-Bureaucracy
-Laird
-Rogers
-Public comments
-Kissinger’s possible public comments
-Laird
-Press conference
-Bombing
-South Vietnam
-South Vietnam
-Capacities
-North Vietnam
-Destruction in the North
-Hypothetical attacks
-Gen. Douglas MacArthur
-Hanoi
Cambodia
-News summary
-Phnom Penh
-North Vietnam presence
-Movement
-South Vietnamese border
-Tay Ninh province
Vietnam
-Nguyen Van Thieu
-Troops in Saigon
-Vietnamization
-Withdrawal of US troops
-Noncommunist nations’ fight against Communism
-The President’s and Kissinger’s doubts
-Laird
-South Vietnam
-Survival
-Cambodia invasion
-Laos
-Compared to British and French experience in 1918
-Incidents of mass surrender
-North Vietnamese artillery and tank attacks
An unknown person entered and left at an unknown time between 12:55 pm and 1:28 pm.
-Artillery
-Technology
-Kissinger’s view
-North Vietnamese artillery
-Moorer’s report
-II Corps fire bases
-The President’s view
-Leadership
-Kissinger’s view
-Haig
-Vietnamization
-Air strikes
-Reports on damage
-The president’s goals
-Safety of US forces
-Press
-Public relations
-Survival of South Vietnam
-US press
-Loyalty to the nation
-Depiction of North Vietnam
-Kissinger’s view
-Laos
-North Vietnamese offensive
-Use of air power
-Importance
-Laos
-Hue and Da Nang
-Possible fall
-Impact on US withdrawal
-Timing
-The President’s forthcoming trip to the Soviet Union
-Possibility
-Air Force
-Consequences
-Necessity for US action
-US options
-Impact of US defeat
-PRC
-Soviet Union
-Indonesia
-Japan
-Laird
-Politics
-US bombing
-Soviet Union
-PRC
-Soviet response
-Influence on the North Vietnamese
-Forthcoming US-Soviet summit
-US offer to the Soviets
-South Vietnam
-Thieu
-Performance during offensive
-Defense structure
-Weaponry of the North Vietnamese
-Weaponry
-Morale
-Losses
-North Vietnamese casualties
-North Vietnam
-Casualty rates
-Bombing
Kissinger left at 1:28 pm.Also recorded on April 3, 1972
- 022-064 11:39 AM · 6 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 11:39 am and 11:46 am.
- 022-065 11:46 AM · 2 min — President Richard M. Nixon and Julie Nixon Eisenhower talked on the telephone from 11:46 am to 11:49 am.
- 022-066 11:49 AM · 13 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 11:49 am and 3:19 pm.
- 328-024 11:49 AM · 16 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 11:49 am and 12:55 pm.
- 328-026 1:28 PM · 29 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 1:28 pm and 2:43 pm.
- 328-027 1:28 PM · 6 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 1:28 pm and 2:43 pm.
- 328-028 1:28 PM · 11 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 1:28 pm and 2:43 pm.
- 328-029 1:28 PM · 1 min — President Richard M. Nixon met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 1:28 pm and 2:43 pm.
Cite this conversation
Conversation 328-025, April 3, 1972. White House Tapes, Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives. Audio and AI transcript via Easy Nixon, https://www.easynixon.org/tapes/328-025 (accessed October 1, 2026).