{"conversationCode":"337-023","tapeNumber":337,"conversationNumber":23,"identifier":"37-wht-conversation-337-023","startDateTime":"1972-05-10T17:05:00.000Z","endDateTime":"1972-05-10T19:35:00.000Z","startDate":"10-May-1972","startTime":"1:05 PM","endDate":"10-May-1972","endTime":"3:35 PM","dateCertainty":"certain","timeCertainty":"estimated","participants":"Nixon, Richard M. (President);","description":"On May 10, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 1:05 pm and 3:35 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 337-023 of the White House Tapes.","locationCode":"EOB","recordingDevice":"Old Executive Office Building","latitudeEstimated":38.897567,"longitudeEstimated":-77.039147,"chronCode":3,"chronRelease":"Third Chronological Release","chronReleaseDate":"28-Feb-2002","aogpRelease":null,"aogpSegment":null,"lastModified":"2015-07-27T17:04:10.235Z","findingAid":"Conversation No. 337-23\n\nDate: May 10, 1972\nTime: Unknown between 1:02 and 3:35 pm\nLocation: Executive Office Building\n\nThe President dictated a memorandum for the file.\n\n     [Unintelligible]","filename":["337-023-splice.mp3"],"tapeStart":"03:45:46","tapeEnd":"03:54:37","participantsList":["Nixon, Richard M. (President)"],"prevCode":"337-022","nextCode":"337-024","tapeTranscriptFile":"337a.mp3,337b.mp3,337c.mp3","transcript":[{"start":13303.05,"end":13309.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"and plans for the wars of the future, rather than those of the past."},{"start":13312.05,"end":13326.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"The total resolve of the North Vietnamese to have constant attacks disclose the same capabilities of the North Vietnamese to wage a disturbingly long war, whether or not another weapon system is being used."},{"start":13326.05,"end":13339.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"North Vietnam used against South Vietnamese forces, and South Vietnam [unintelligible] greatest need now is to get modern equipment for the defense establish, the Navy, Army, and Air Force."},{"start":13349.05,"end":13365.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"The total resolve of the North Vietnamese to have constant attacks disclose the same capabilities of the North Vietnamese [unintelligible] disturbed [unintelligible] another weapon systems being used or not. South Vietnam used against South Vietnamese forces."},{"start":13365.05,"end":13383.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"She [unintelligible]. Our greatest need now is to get [unintelligible] modern defense establish, the Navy, Army, and Air Force [unintelligible] have plans for the wars of future, rather than those of the past. [inaudible]"},{"start":13387.05,"end":13407.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"Memorandum for Kissinger. As you know, I have very little confidence in the CIA, in terms of their psychological warfare programs and propaganda, etcetera."},{"start":13407.05,"end":13426.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"Certainly in this period, we could be doing a whole lot more on an urgent basis. I want CIA to develop a program to provide broadcasts, leaflets"},{"start":13426.05,"end":13446.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"[unintelligible] the Hanoi area, [unintelligible] targeting on North Vietnamese [unintelligible] in the Hanoi area."},{"start":13446.05,"end":13464.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"B, that emphasize the isolation of North Vietnam through the backing out of the of the ships that are would be leaving Hanoi, and are, as well as those that are prevented from going into North Vietnam."},{"start":13464.05,"end":13485.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"C, that with regard to the aerial activities, that they should find courage in the North Vietnamese leaders and their, and the population, to great terror."},{"start":13487.05,"end":13500.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"Tell the, to tell the North Vietnamese reflections and secretly in this particular period, tell the effect of the airstrikes."},{"start":13500.05,"end":13516.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"Third, three, our own propaganda, through the whole country, South Vietnam. Here the target is quite different."},{"start":13516.05,"end":13533.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"We are to emphasize the need to raise South Vietnamese morale through the, striking hard at, significant morale problems, through, uh,"},{"start":13533.05,"end":13546.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"disseminating [unintelligible] courage. And third, I want to emphasize that [unintelligible] on projects, and frankly,"},{"start":13546.05,"end":13556.05,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"the fact seems to be that they've uh, done a better job in the media than ever has been before in creating"},{"start":13556.05,"end":13569.75,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"a feeling of [unintelligible] for CIA. The period must be close to an end, if they're harder to find these days, numbers of hours of broadcasts, numbers of leaflets, and then other words, something, how much"},{"start":13569.75,"end":13583.75,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"[unintelligible]"},{"start":13586.75,"end":13598.75,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"[unintelligible]"},{"start":13600.75,"end":13616.75,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"[unintelligible]"},{"start":13633.75,"end":13641.75,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"[unintelligible]"},{"start":13656.75,"end":13669.75,"speaker":"Nixon","text":"[unintelligible]"}],"transcriptBoundary":{"start":13670,"end":14201,"startMethod":"llm-alignment","endMethod":"llm-alignment"},"transcriptConfidence":"high","transcriptSource":"audio-llm","aiSummary":{"text":"President Nixon dictated a memorandum for Henry Kissinger expressing his dissatisfaction with the CIA's psychological warfare and propaganda efforts. He directed the CIA to urgently develop and implement new programs, including broadcasts and leaflets, targeting the Hanoi area. The proposed propaganda would emphasize North Vietnam's isolation due to international shipping blockades and aim to instill terror in the North Vietnamese population. Additionally, Nixon instructed that domestic South Vietnamese propaganda should focus on boosting morale by highlighting successful military actions and addressing existing morale issues.","topics":["psychological warfare","propaganda","CIA","North Vietnam","South Vietnam","morale","military equipment","air strikes"],"generatedAt":"2026-10-27T14:58:35.864Z"},"topicSlugs":["psychological-warfare","propaganda","cia","north-vietnam","south-vietnam","morale","military-equipment","air-strikes"],"audioDurationSec":533,"audioFiles":[{"file":"337-023-splice.mp3","bytes":8516019,"durationSec":533.45,"bitrate":127713,"missing":false}],"audioIsShared":false,"audioProbedAt":"2026-10-27T08:05:04.121Z","originalFilename":["337a.mp3","337b.mp3","337c.mp3"],"spliceSource":{"spliceType":"bigtape","sourceFiles":["337b.mp3"],"cutStart":13303.05,"cutEnd":13836.5,"adjustedStart":13303.05,"adjustedEnd":13836.5,"boundaryMethod":"llm-alignment","confidence":"high","splicedAt":"2026-10-27T08:05:04.121Z"},"transcriptPrev":{"segments":3,"replacedAt":"2026-10-27T08:05:49.037Z"},"transcriptCreatedAt":"2026-10-27T14:47:26.439Z","transcriptModel":"google/gemini-3.8-flash","audio":["https://nixon.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/audio/337-023-splice.mp3"],"url":"https://www.easynixon.org/tapes/337-023","nixonLibraryUrl":"https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/white-house-tapes/337/conversation-337-023","license":"Public domain (U.S. Government work). AI-generated fields (transcript, aiSummary) are provided as-is without warranty."}