Conversation 869-010

On March 6, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon, Gen. Brent G. Scowcroft, Capt. James A. Singleton, Mrs. James A. Singleton, Robert D. Jeffery, Mrs. Robert D. Jeffery, unknown person(s), Henry A. Kissinger, Stephen B. Bull, David N. Newsom, Abdel Rahman Abdallah, and Ambassador Abdel Aziz al-Nasri Hamza met in the Oval Office of the White House from 10:00 am to 11:20 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 869-010 of the White House Tapes.

Conversation No. 869-10

Date: March 6, 1973
Time: 10:00 am - 11:20 am
Location: Oval Office

The President met with Capt. and Mrs. Jerry A. Singleton, Maj. and Mrs. Robert D. Jeffrey and
Gen. Brent G. Scowcroft. The White House photographer was present at the beginning of the
meeting.

       Greetings and introductions

       Photograph session
            -Arrangements
            -Copies
            -Seating
                  -Ranking officer

       Former guests of Oval Office
            -Prime ministers, presidents

An unknown man entered at an unknown time after 10:00 am.

       Refreshments

The unknown man left at an unknown time before 10:36 am.

       Foreign visitors

       Tour of White House
                                     -22-

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                                                     Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



     -Previous tours, meetings
           -Meetings with Julie Nixon Eisenhower

Unknown woman’s hometown
    -Dallas

Prisoners of War [POWs]/Missing in Action [MIAs] wives’ activism
      -Previous 1969 meeting with President
            -Trip to Paris

POWs
   -Appearance
   -Marriage [?]
   -Press reaction
         -Accusations of programming, brainwashing
         -Newspaper column
         -President’s letter to Dallas newspaper
   -Col. Robinson Risner
         -Telephone call to President
                -Clark Air Force base
         -Oklahoma
   -President's meetings
         -Avoidance
                -Reasons
                      -Time with families
                      -Exploitation
                      -Remaining POWs
   -Release
         -Public negotiations
                -William P. Rogers
                      -Paris
                             -International Conference on Vietnam
         -Private actions
                -Message to Pham Van Dong
                      -POW release
                      -Mining, withdrawal
         -Publicity
                -North Vietnam’s negotiating position
                                            -23-

                 NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM

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                                                            Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)




     December 1972 bombing of North Vietnam
         -Publicity
                -Explanation
                -Effect on North Vietnam’s negotiating position
         -Christmas halt
         -Resumption
                -Difficulties of decision
                -Criticism
         -Targets
                -President’s assessment of previous bombing halts
                       -Lyndon B. Johnson
         -Changes in North Vietnamese attitudes
                -Cambodia
                -Mining, blockade
                       -May 8, 1972 decision
         -North Vietnam filibuster
                -192 US election
                -Congress, peaceniks
         -President's actions
                -Risks
         -North Vietnam conditions
                -POW release
                       -Tied to US withdrawal
                       -South Vietnam’s release of civilian prisoners
         -Resumption of bombing
                -Intensity
         -Resumption of negotiations
         -Criticism
                -Columbia Broadcasting System [CBS]
                -New York Times
                -President as “mad bomber”
                       -Impact on North Vietnam

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                                             -24-

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                                                              Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)




      Intelligence

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                 -Protests
                       -Melvin R. Laird
                              -Military targets
            -Necessity
                 -Failure of negotiations, escalation

      POWs
         -Wives
              -Meetings with President
              -Spirit
                    -Christmas meeting
              -Support for President's policies
                    -National honor

      President's policies
            -South Vietnam
                   -Communist government
            -Success
            -Impact
                   -Allies, Union of Soviet Socialist republics [USSR], People’s Republic of
                    China [PRC]

      POWs
         -Ordeal
         -Wives
         -Knowledge of outside world
              -Bad news
                   -Riots
                   -Demonstrations
                         -Jane Fonda
                         -Photograph displays
                                         -25-

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                                                    Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



                              -Purpose
     -Age
           -Compared to President
     -Maj. Jeffrey
           -Letters received, sent
     -World War II
           -System of numbering letters
                 -President and Thelma C. (“Pat”) Nixon
     -Mail received by wives
           -Peace groups
     -Release
           -Peace groups
                 -Adm. Thomas H. Moorer
                 -Nicknames
     -Camps
           -PRC border
           -Length of captivity
           -May 8, 1972 bombing
           -Son Tay camp
                 -Col. [Arthur D. Simons]
                       -US raid
                              -Vacant
     -Solitary confinement
           -Meals
           -Sleep
           -Medication
                 -Parachute injury
     -Treatment
           -Improvements
                 -1969
                 -US pressure

Cambodia
    -Protest marches
    -Sanctuary
    -Operation
          -Impact
                -Casualties
                                     -26-

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                                                       Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)




Military action
      -May 8, 1972 operation

Public opinion
      -Confidence in US
            -Critics of Vietnam policies
                   -Television [TV]
                   -Brainwashing
                         -Compared to “Hanoi Hilton”
                         -POWs’ return

World leaders
     -Winston S. Churchill, Gen. Charles A. J. M. de Gaulle, Konrad
      Adenauer, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mohandas K. Gandhi, Achmed Sukarno
           -Periods of adversity and imprisonment
                 -Compared to POWs

POWs
   -Period of readjustment
         -Family, pro-football, instant replays
         -Problems
         -Strengths
   -Personal strengths
         -Compared with statements by John V. Lindsay, senators
         -Compared with draft resisters

US role in world
     -Military sacrifices
     -Vietnam
            -Goals, successes
     -Power, credibility
            -Japan, Europe
     -Actions of US in Vietnam
            -Military, wives
            -Goals

POWs
                                         -27-

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                                                   Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



     -Enemy's view of president and US
          -Assessment of Nixon
          -Roger Shields
                -December 1972 bombing
                      -Singleton and Jeffrey’s experiences
                            -Witnesses to bombing in Hanoi

December 1972 bombing
    -Necessity
    -Losses
          -Casualties
          -B-52s
    -Weather
    -Crews
          -Support
    -Necessity
    -Casualties
          -North Vietnam
                -Civilian
                       -B-52 raids
          -Compared to North Vietnam’s actions in Cambodia, Laos
    -US policy
          -Military targets
          -Compared to An Loc, Quang Tri, Hue

POW's support for President’s policies
    -Public opinion

POWs
   -Reception at White House
        -Guests
        -Date
              -Thelma C. (“Pat”) Nixon
        -Attire
        -Transportation
        -Entertainment
        -Mementoes
        -Reunion
                                            -28-

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                                                             Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



                  -Timing
                  -Rose Garden
                       -Tricia Nixon Cox’s wedding
                             -News reels

Henry A. Kissinger entered at 10:36 am.

            -Age of one POW
            -Future plans
                  -Military service
                  -Publicity tour
                        -Youth
                        -Restore confidence in US
            -Future residence
                  -Dallas
                        -Dallas Cowboys
                               -President's support for Washington Redskins
            -Son
            -Children
            -Reception
                  -White House
                  -Children's event

       Introduction to Kissinger

       POW wives
           -Telegrams to President
                 -Support for President’s policies

       POWs
          -Camps
                -PRC border
          -December 1972 bombing of Hanoi
                -Singleton’s and Jeffrey’s experiences
          -Christmas time
          -Dental care
                -Tricia Nixon Cox's, Julie Nixon Eisenhower’s conversation with President
                -Problems
                                     -29-

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                                                  Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



          -Quality
          -For returning POWs
                 -Quality
          -President's experiences in the navy
     -Respect for President
          -Christmas

George S. McGovern

Mementoes
    -Gifts
           -Golf balls
     -Spiro T. Agnew
           -Golf game
                 -Jokes

POWs
   -Relaxation
   -Appearance
         -Wife
   -John S. McCain III
   -Imprisonment
         -Languages
   -Survey of duty assignments
         -Scowcroft
         -Defense Intelligence Agency [DIA] [?]
         -Sudan
               -Kissinger
   -Exercise
   -Diet
   -Exercise in prison
   -Weight
   -Mutual support
         -Benefits
         -Contrast with Korea
   -Officers
         -Ability to handle imprisonment
   -John S. McCain, III
                                       -30-

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                                                      Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



              -Injury
              -POW wives
                    -Meeting with North Vietnamese
                          -Photograph
                                -Concern
              -Release
                    -Kissinger’s trip to Hanoi
                    -Adm. John S. McCain, Jr.
              -Shot down in 1966

Oval Office
     -Service flags
     -Boehm birds
     -Julie Nixon Eisenhower's crewel Presidential seal
     -Paintings
            -White House
            -George Washington
                 -Wig

Music box

POWs
   -Flag made in prison
         -Maj. Gore [?]

Oval Office
     -Seal

Putting green
      -Dwight D. Eisenhower
            -Mementoes

Julie Nixon Eisenhower
      -[Dwight] David Eisenhower, II
      -Marriage
            -Date
      -Talk with POW wives in 1968
            -Impression
                                               -31-

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                                                            Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



                    -Time
                         -1968 election
                    -Cathy Goldstein
                         -Activism

        Straw poll
             -POWs [?]
                   -President’s victory [?]

        [GENERAL CONVERSATION]

        President's high school teacher
              -Whittier
              -Ty Robbs [?]
                     -Eddie Robbs [?]
                           -Whittier High School [?]
                                 -Football
                           -Scout leader
                           -Extrovert, leader
        POW reception
              -Format

        Scowcroft

        [General conversation]

        Mementoes

Singleton, et al., left at 10:54 am.

        POW meeting with President
            -President's impressions
                  -Qualities
            -Impact of 1969 election
                  -North Vietnam assessments of President
                  -POW treatment
                         -Cambodia, May 8, 1972 bombing
                                                -32-

                      NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM

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                                                             Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



       Letter
                -David [Last name unknown]

       President's meeting with Sudanese
             -Length
             -Substance

       POWs
          -Brainwashing accusations
                -POW reaction

Stephen B. Bull entered at an unknown time after 10:54 am.

       Arrival of Ambassador from Sudan

Bull left at an unknown time before 10:58 am.

       President's meeting with Hugh Scott
             -Aid to North Vietnam
                   -Vote in Senate
             -Public support for President's policies

Abdul R. Abdulla, Abdel Aziz al Nazri Hamza, and David N. Newsom entered at 10:58 am.
Members of the press and the white house photographer were present at the beginning of the
meeting.

       Introductions

       Photograph session
            -Arrangements

       President's visit to Sudan in 1957

       [Photograph session]

                -Hospitality

       Killing of US diplomats
                                         -33-

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                                                     Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



     -Condolences
           -President Gaafar al-Nimeiry
     -Punishment of perpetrators
           -Justice
           -Outside information
                  -Palestinian issues [?]
           -Retaliation against Sudan

US assistance to Sudan
     -Request to President
     -Security
           -Diplomats
     -Training, technical assistance

Cooperation between US and Sudanese personnel
     -US embassy
           -Khartoum
     -Officials sent from US
     -Training

Terrorists
      -Statements
      -Foreign collaboration
            -Investigations
      -Trials
            -Court martial, military court
      -Retaliation
            -Black September
                   -Difficulty to wage war against
                   -Support of sympathetic nations

Killing of US diplomats
      -Fanatics
      -Targets
            -US, Jordan
      -Sudan’s government
            -Actions against terrorism
                  -Risks
                                           -34-

                 NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM

                                   Tape Subject Log
                                    (rev. May-2010)
                                                      Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



                            -Retaliation
                            -Foreign relations

     Terrorism
           -Threat to all governments
                -Importance of firm response
                -Sudan
                -Sympathetic governments
                -Example of French Revolution
           -Sudan
                -Nimeiry's condolences
                       -Abdulla, Hamza’s visit
                -Culpability in US casualties

     US cooperation with Sudan
          -Security for diplomats
               -Sovereignty issues
                      -Requests for assistance
          -Exchange of information

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      COUNTERTERRORISM

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      Sudan
           -Request from government
                -Fear of retaliation
                       -Embassies
                -Security system management
                -Help
                       -Expertise
                       -Training
                                            -35-

                  NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM

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                                                         Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)




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      Sudan

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            -US assistance to Sudan’s government
                  -Inter-agency cooperation
                         -Plans
                         -Training
                               -Police
            -Assistance from other governments

      US actions
           -Protection of embassies in US
                 -Executive Protective Service [EPS]
                 -Sudan
                 -Terrorist attacks within US
                 -Canada
                        -Incident
           -President's policy
                 -Negotiations, concessions
                        -Exertion
                              -Release of prisoners
                                    -Jordan
                 -Criminal penalties

      Sudan
           -Role in prosecuting case
           -US support
                 -Terrorist retaliation
                 -Response from US
                 -Training
                                                -36-

                     NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM

                                        Tape Subject Log
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                                                               Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



              -President's letter to President Nimeiry
                    -Content
                    -US-Sudan relations
              -Importance
                    -East Africa
                           -Egypt
              -Relations with US
              -President’s letter
              -Peace in Southern Sudan
                    -Programs cancelled
              -US support

       Farewells

Abdulla, et al., left at 11:18 am.

       National Security Council [NSC] meeting
            -Strategic Arms Limitation Talks [SALT]
            -Kissinger’s meeting with President
            -Complexity
            -Timing

       Sudan incident
            -Letter
                  -Promise
            -US actions
                  -Talks with Egypt
                        -Prior commitments
                  -Arab governments
                        -Private talks
                              -Joint action on terrorism

       Terrorism
             -US policy
                   -Need for hard-line
             -Carl T. Rowan
                   -Statement on release of other terrorists
             -Kidnapping of US ambassador
                                              -37-

                    NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM

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                                                              Conversation No. 869-10 (cont’d)



                   -Retaliation
                         -Bombing of terrorist camps
             -Syrians, Libyans
                   -encouragement
                         -Diplomatic pouches
                   -Oil supplies
                   -US pressure
             -Latin America
             -News summary
                   -Action for John A. Scali
                         -United Nations [UN] terrorist resolution

       POWs
          -Meeting with Kissinger
          -Activities while in prison
                -Flag-raising salute
                -Church services
          -Recruitment in foreign service [?]
          -Cambodia
                -Bombing
                      -POW support
          -Recognition
                -Release
          -White House event

Kissinger left at 11:20 am.

This transcript was generated automatically by AI and has not been reviewed for accuracy. Do not cite this transcript as authoritative. Consult the Finding Aid above for verified information.

I don't want this.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Yes.
hospital systems, finance, security, maintenance, security, security arrangements, minister of work, or MSN and other science.
This is my second question.
Is there a disease diplomat?
Well, we should need it.
Absolutely, yes.
Absolutely.
There's no question about that.
The Sudanese diplomats and also the training of Sudanese diplomats should
security properties inside the country and outside to protect them.
It's all about security.
It's my problem.
It's all about expertise.
And it's all about protecting for them.
Of course, it's an extension of the one-man-two-bench policy.
This is what the President mentioned.
It's the one-man-two-bench.
He also instructed me to make sure that
Thank you.
The President also instructed me to obey him, to serve him, whatever he is writing to men and women.
For this instance, this should not, in any way, influence the federal tradition of the United States.
You said that as well as the judicial proceedings, the method of interview, the fact that they have some implications of foreign collaboration, that means necessity can be important for some reason.
Yes.
Yes.
Well, let me respond to the minister by saying first that we know that this tragedy is one that was visited upon in their country through no fault of theirs.
But we know that these people, these fanatics, will strike any place, any place, wherever they think that they can.
Great pressure there upon other governments, particularly the United States, Jordan, etc.
We know that this was aimed not at you, but it was aimed at others.
Thank you.
I feel, myself, that every government in the world has to stay in dealing strictly and very firmly with terrorism, necessarily.
Because if it's allowed to succeed in one place, it will then succeed in someplace else.
The target today may be your country, may be the target tomorrow, may be one of your neighbors.
And even those countries that are in sympathy with these radical groups, they find that they have delivered themselves to a monster that will live on in the end.
It's a great mistake.
Because once you let the genie out of the bottle, once you let the irresponsible, fanatical, murderous groups
They will eventually turn on you.
It's happening.
That's the story of revolution.
We all know the story of the French Revolution.
It did many great things, but in the end, the revolution devoured its own children.
This idea, you agree to have it.
Second, we appreciate your presence personally.
uh, consideration in having you come here as a, as a, as a, even though, as I said, you cannot be, you cannot attach any blame on your part.
We know it's just one of those accidents that happened there rather than some other time.
Uh, and finally, uh, we will, to the extent that we can,
cooperating in trying to provide adequate security measures for diplomats that may be threatened.
Now, outside of our country, it's very difficult because you see that any sovereign country would very much resent another country coming in and saying, look, you can't defend these people, so leave them.
But on the other hand, if a country abroad
Having problems with this or recognizing that you cannot handle it would request some assistance.
We would be very, very grateful.
We would be, of course, responsive to each other.
We can do as the president also is to exchange information as soon as it's noted, right?
Thank you.
As far as the agencies and as far as the internal management of the security systems, or security organizations, like, say, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the organization they have in Israel, they think that this is what the president thinks, that it's true, help, all the expertise.
So these times of hell, it will be hell.
Thank you.
All right.
You can tell your president that we will set up an arrangement for assistance.
And that's all that's required for the operation.
That's right.
And the other agencies.
All the agencies in this government, we work on a plan.
We work on a plan to see what kind of assistance they want.
And I'm very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very,
Because we all have an interest in preventing this kind of thing.
For example, we're very much worried that Mr. and Mr.
Ambassador about this country, you know, we have our protective services, you know, the coverage of MSC, among others, that you will note that they're all around us.
We have people now.
That's very important.
I want to be sure this embassy gets an extra detail, you know.
I said I want one of these people to grab him or his family.
Now, they have not been struck in the United States.
You know, they haven't been here.
We cannot, however I must emphasize it, we cannot agree to...
to submit to extortion.
Because I'm afraid that would just trigger more of this.
If we had not, in this instance, they would say, oh, my God, we've got these people.
I think a lot of our industry people here say, well, we're going to small price to turn over 60 prisoners from Jordan in order to get back to America.
Well, first of all, we can't do it.
Jordan wouldn't do it.
And we could, but then they might not.
But suppose we did.
Then one of the blacks, they're going to strike us from the place, though.
We have a need for a strong criminal family when the installment is necessary.
Yet, you cannot be expected, your government, and of course this must be under your laws, you understand.
We cannot initiate our own convictions.
Your government cannot be expected to deal firmly and ruthlessly with these people unless your government is going to be back.
And that's a retaliation.
We want you to know we vacuum.
And we will vacuum.
Here, it's a vacuum training program.
We vacuum if there's anything around the world.
And that's something I'm thoroughly understood.
We can't expect our friends in Sudan to pick their face up and leave the world with it.
I know a letter that I had to write to the House.
I wrote to your president, which I'd like you to review, and if you would present it to him and tell him that I have great sympathy for what the problem is.
I have great admiration for his people, and I'm glad that our relations are now on.
Now, on a formal basis, again, it's legal that those relations will become even closer.
Because Sudan, the Sudan of our world, is actually a country that occupies a very important part of the world.
Egypt, Riyadh, and Saddam, the whole gateway to East Africa and the rest.
And so we welcome the opportunity for good relations with you, recognizing, of course, that having good relations with the U.S. sometimes causes you problems in the next one.
So we hope we're not too much trouble to you.
And I just want to make it worth your while.
Thank you.
and to raise our president to a new sovereignty and to celebrate him one year.
And we had a nice peace in the sense.
And it was a great vote for progress in the sense.
Programmes were affected, part of them cancelled.
But I thought of just telling you so much here that the whole country was grieved.
You know, we must remember...
Good in this world can be accomplished without going through the fire of adversity.
You've had some, more than your share, but you will come out stronger.
And at least you must know that you have friends in the world, not only in America.
We hear your friends.
I have a personal attachment to your country and your people.
But you have friends.
We celebrate with you.
We stand by you.
We have some time.
The manager is always good to have you here.
He's always good to see you.
He's always good to see you.
We will have an NAC meeting on soldiers and veterans, which I'd like to talk to you about.
And it's a very complex issue.
You have to take it.
You have to take it.
You have to take it.
We should have approached the Egyptians.
Because they had some money in the bank with them.
Or we had some money in the bank with them.
We should have.
But I think what we should do now is to approach the Arab governments quietly.
Just so that you know that if this happens again, I mean, for joint actions, they can't approve that they're in favor of this.
Not to use diplomatic power to do that, but to do it in a reciprocal way.
Right.
We must continue to be one of the hard-line inventors.
Absolutely.
You can't get in.
I thought of this unbelievable statement by Karl Rove.
I must say, at the time, she said, most everybody had this.
But the other guy, Karl Rove, he was the one that said, we don't buy wood at this small price that turns 60.
What in the name of crazy do you mean?
The next time one of our inventors gets grabbed, he's going to do something down the edge.
Against who?
Against somebody, because it gets so risky for these governments.
Well, part of the issue is, can we go in and bomb?
No, but I can't.
What's happening is that the Syrians and Libyans are encouraged.
They're using their diplomatic soldiers.
Libyans come off.
I'm not encouraging it, but it's tough for them to stay in the Union, to stay in Syria, unless somebody puts them under a little pressure.
And then I agree.
Now, it's also not in America.
That's another place that could happen.
I put something in which will give you a chance to let Scalding do something important.
I marked it on the news somewhere yesterday.
I don't know whether you got it yet.
I'm here this summer.
where I guess Mark might hear something for Skelly to do.
In other words, where Skelly should start hooting and hollering about having the U.N. adopt the terrorist act.
And how do you say it?
You have the chance to do so.
It's important.
If you go gabbling around, you've got to do something else.
Now, the other point is that, I don't want to say it, but have you ever seen anything like this before?
to recognize the foreign service.
They are men who can be terrific people in a number of areas.
They're quiet, they're tough, they're strong, and they believe in this country.
And, uh, but the fight is, we can do this every time.
They understand that.
From the bottom.
I can't believe it.
They said it was the best thing that ever happened.
Thank God.
It's a happy thing.
Well, I don't know.
I don't know.
I don't know.
I don't know.
to do something more formal with it.
Over there in the parking lot,
Mr. President, Mrs. Chairman, Mr. Chairman, it's very nice to see you.
Welcome.
I'm glad to have you back.
I'm glad to have you back.
I don't have the cat signal, and how are you?
Well, first of all, I'll tell you what we'll do is, you might like to have those pictures of
You sit down over here.
Cheese.
What, uh, we have, uh, we got coffee, tea, Coca-Cola.
Tea.
Hot tea.
Hot tea.
Hot tea.
Hot tea.
Hot tea.
Hot tea.
Hot tea.
Hot tea.
Well, we, um, I was going to say that somebody next to us is very important to us.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Tell me, did you have a good tour of my house?
We haven't completed it.
I've never seen you here before.
I met Julie in Dallas.
Oh, Julie.
I introduced myself to her just briefly at Market Hall that day.
You're from Dallas?
Yes, I am from Dallas.
And then I was right here on December 12, 1969.
Were you there?
Yes.
In the light of it?
Yes.
You were in that group?
Yes.
It was after we made the trip to Paris on September the 1st.
When we got there, we were like...
It's almost unbelievable, isn't it?
We're in the 16th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th.
I think we want to laugh at the hands.
You know, I've sort of been amused by this one thing that kind of does something more radical than this paper and so forth.
And I saw a very good piece by one of the columnists who said, look, he said if they couldn't have been brainwashed after seven years in captivity, how could they have been brainwashed in a three-hour flight?
You wrote a letter to the Dallas editor, so I think it was something the Dallas editor wrote.
Let me tell you what we are planning.
If you're the first time seeing him, I'm talking to only one.
Richner, remember?
Richner calls Clark Field.
But, uh, and, uh, where is he from?
He was at the same hospital that they were.
Okay, well, so we never hear from him.
That's the end of the conversation.
I have deliberately not had any public meetings with any of the folks that have come back.
I don't think it was jeopardized because...
uh publicly it was indicated that uh
Thank you.
Unless the next group is released on schedule, but unless they're released on schedule, all mining operations, their operations stop, and all withdrawals stop.
And we have the fleet draw back 150 miles in 24 hours.
It's quite big.
And we didn't say to the public that there was a reason some of the people were not flying.
The reason we didn't do it
This was the reason too that...
which has cost us quite a bit of blood before we did it.
There's so many of our friends here who didn't understand it.
When we resumed the bombing on December 18th, there was any well-intentioned people in our area that wanted to go on an action call, but he announced that we were resuming because he was not negotiating the debates on this one.
I didn't do it at all.
because I knew the moment that I escalated the rhetoric to that level, it would make it impossible for Bernard and the Vietnamese to cave that way.
So what we did is to do that.
And then you may remember, because I understand you can hear the talk, that you may remember that he took a 24-hour or 36-hour period over Christmas for you to come.
And then on the 26th of December, we started again.
You should be interested to know that that was a rather big company.
Everybody was pretty sweet about it at that time.
Stop it.
And Bob has never worked here.
And I heard the rumors that he created the O.W.C.A.S.
in the hospital and so forth.
So, people here are saying they came to the Christmas.
The only time that we began to get any changes was when we went into Canberra.
And also, when we blockaded the mine.
I don't understand.
The May blockading the mine led to the break through of the talks.
That's when we got to where we came.
So they were trying to hang on.
I thought they got away with it.
I thought, of course, that I would be the second to the public.
But I had to decide to have this Congress because one of the conditions they imposed had to do with you.
It was to the effect that, see, we had always insisted in our negotiations
that the POW release could be tied only to the withdrawal of our forces.
Nothing else.
They were always insisting that the release of our military POWs must be tied to the South Vietnamese government's commitment to release civilians.
We never agreed to that because we didn't deliver them.
And also it wasn't the right thing to do.
So we got that all worked out in October in North Oregon.
And then they were taken out of the Interregnity Center.
But anyway, it was on December 26th that we made the second recession.
And some of our military people said, well, who would have been lower?
And I said, well, that was the day we got arrested.
We just did everything we could fly.
And we put 160, we had to do it over the place that night.
And everything we could buy, whether it was an air force, of course, the
Within 36 hours after that, we got the message that they were ready to talk again.
What I mean is that it does not indicate that, it may indicate that this has been done long before, that you're already old, I know that it's long.
But whether it indicates that or not, we can't say for sure.
despite what your wise men drew, and they were right, and all the rest, and they were like, my gosh, this monument of work, maybe we ought to conceive more, maybe we ought to do that.
I think, looking back over this long period, what really broke the back was finding their realization that they were, that unless they taught, that they would be subjected to actions that would be very unpleasant.
And, you know, I'm curious, you know, because it's a little bit of you, a bit of your wife.
I mean, it started long ago.
Some of the O2 clients are going to be hurt, so they have to deal with it.
I'm just back in the rest of my life.
They really grab it.
You want to try to collect press copies of some of my staff, and the carpenters, and some of the art types, and the G.E.S.,
Thank you.
was that, of course, we protested later, but I was saying, no, we didn't intend it, and so forth and so on, which we did.
We always did, but it was very hard to try to put an argument in these stories.
And so that should, so what I'm saying is this, that you will see here in this country, you will find a great deal of concern about what we did, whether we
If there was any other way, we would have done it.
But I think in the long run, we finally had to reach the point that our Vietnamese had to understand that we had tried negotiation.
We had tried gradual escalation.
We had tried not to do any damage to their fleet and so forth.
But now, unless they settled, then maybe something else could happen.
And whatever that may be, it did happen.
And you're back, and I don't know if you regret it, but a lot of others aren't.
And, uh, but, uh, as I often said, he was always, I know, nervous and proud of his wives.
All of them.
All of them.
They used to come here.
I spoke to them each year.
And then they'd have
They'd always have them around Christmas time.
I'd have to go in there and say, I knew they were going to get back at Christmas and try to buck up their spirits.
I'd go in there and say, they'd buck mine up because the great thing about your wives was that they who had the greatest stake in getting you back at any price said no.
They stood by us and said, no, we don't want this war to be fought for the prisoners.
We want him to come back.
Well, you see the check.
Your eyes look a little over my honor.
What is honor?
Honor is, you know, you should have it for a purpose.
You don't say, well, he hit me in there for an ADM.
But honor actually, why did he go there?
but they're at the purpose of preventing the imposition of a communist government by force on 70 million people.
We succeeded.
They didn't propose it.
And that's a lesson to aggressors every place in the world.
It's a lesson to our allies who cannot trust us again.
They were lost in deep trust.
But mainly, it's a call to power to be king in Moscow.
So that's what you told us to do.
What you've gone through, I'm going to tell you, I'm going to be honest with you.
Talking to somebody sometime, one of your wives, don't tell her.
Don't tell her.
We spared them some.
Seven years of de-birthing, they can't tell us.
Oh, that's interesting.
That's interesting, that was.
I'll let you, I've been doing this so long, but I don't think you can say anything about this.
We were willing to stay there as long
What did you know about the outside world?
Only what they wanted us to know.
It was primarily bad news, the riots, the demonstrations.
You're very fond of that book.
Yes, sir.
Yes, sir.
They played this out quite heavily.
The riots, the demonstrations.
Did you hear about Jake Vaughn?
Yes, sir.
We got to hear a taste of that book.
They were going to taste it.
Yeah.
Yeah.
to the extent of organizing photographic displays of the demonstrations that happened in states, in rooms, and then taking some room letters so that we could see these photographs of the so-called Americans demonstrated.
What was this supposed to mean to you?
Trying to persuade us to contradict our policy, the policy of the United States, to agree with them that the war was not correct.
I'm 33 years old.
Only 33 years old.
He's breathing.
Mr. President.
I ran for Congress.
Both Bonnie and I waited over five years to find out if they were really alive.
And I found out that my husband only received 12 letters in seven and a half years.
How many did you write?
I wrote three of them.
You know, we used to have a system in our, you know, the war we were in was so easy.
He's not with the letters, to be sure.
This was when I was in the city.
And you didn't receive them.
We tried to write every day.
And the number of letters was in there.
But I know, of course, I read them.
And you didn't get much out of it.
Did you ever get a letter?
Yes.
You didn't?
Well, we didn't get any mail for about one and a half years from my husband.
After we married, we were always at the channel.
Always through the issues.
You know, what makes it then was that you folks did not, as I understand that from what we're talking about, you did not accede to the idea of being turned over to one of the so-called peace groups.
So this thing you're all set for took a long time, so I'm wondering about that term.
It was not really about the group.
Did it represent the groups?
We had quite a few names for these groups.
We called them peace buddies or peace gangs.
And we want to continue with that.
Did you realize last month that the Chinese were in Singapore for the last how many months?
From May of 72 to January of 73.
We missed them all, unfortunately.
That would have been really short.
Bob was in eight different camps, and he was in Sante just before that.
Those guys were so great.
He's a great writer.
He led that group, and they practiced, and it would have worked.
It would have worked if he had been there.
Nobody was there.
We had moved several times.
But it was very dry.
I didn't think it was a very good camp, so they moved him.
They moved him.
So I was out in the yard one day when a drone went directly toward him, and I'm sure he had pictures of himself.
And he was in solitary the first nine months, and then the next.
In solitary?
What is solitary?
You mean you just...
Yes.
He took those things one night in the early morning and one night in the afternoon.
How did you sleep?
I didn't have any problems in that.
Yeah, it's just you didn't sleep.
You never had any medication.
You would never get a sleeping pill.
He had a smashed spine.
That's right.
We would recede on vacation.
Our treatment, from the beginning to the end, was just one continual improvement.
What we had to pick up on, sir, from, especially 16 months, and it was due, there's no doubt in my mind or any of the others' minds, that it was due to the movement of the saints.
We were begun.
Yes, sir.
We were begun.
I was so glad to see that, because I knew they were used in Cambodia.
It's a sanctuary.
Well, I heard it's actually a good operation, and it worked.
I mean, that basically, you see, from the time we came to Cambodia, then our cashiers dropped cutlery cut in half within two months.
And the May 8th thing, they thought, they said, fine, fine, that's what we're doing.
It worked.
It worked.
That's why, that's why they, they, they, they did it.
Well, it's, uh, I'm not used to talking about the past, but the main thing is that, uh, that all of you who have told us, I'm sure, my honest, all of you have great knowledge, or much knowledge, or a great deal of American spirit.
Uh, those who lead your life, uh,
I would say it's pretty good.
The role of a solver is to prepare people with all the problems.
Perhaps loss of their confidence in God.
And I understand that.
You know, it's very hard to keep it down there.
Speaking of brainwashing, now I have to look at the television.
Do you have any advice about America?
Whack.
Whack?
Whack, right.
It's just great.
It's as bad as being.
So here you go.
On and on and on.
And I hear you guys come out of this fire.
You come out of this field.
That's why you go through fire.
You look back over some of the great leaders of the world.
Many of them have been in what we call in the wilderness.
and so forth, whatever you think of them as leaders, but they were imprisoned for years.
It's not that I recommend that.
The point is that if you want to demonstrate that it's going to be one of the great stories that I respect, we've been told many times over, if you want to demonstrate that it heals the spirit, it's either going to be broken by adversity, or it's going to be enormously strengthened.
In fact, you're on the line, and I'm ending you and your colleagues.
Your period of readjustment will be relevant with E.C.
for a while.
And the rest of the city, all the people who've got here and so forth, the road, football season, gosh, you ever send an Instagram reply?
I'm telling you, you just don't know how good it is.
But anyway, all that you'll see.
Of course, the problems of prosperity and all that sort of thing cause the living to be worried.
And believe me, these problems will seem to begin to generate for you the problems that you want to treat.
And so the point is that having come through what you have, you've developed a minding of all of you.
All of you have described the strength and character of both.
Also, it's reminding people that we're just a lot of fine men.
When I hear a fellow like John Lindsay or, I'm trying to say, some of our senators say the real heroes went to Canada.
I don't mean just the real heroes, just the real guys.
It's that I think of 45,000 fellows that died, and I think two and a half may have been served.
And we have got to get this country to understand that this was a long war.
It was difficult.
It was controversial.
And it doesn't end quite the way we wanted it to.
But we did accomplish our goals.
And the point is that had we thought that way, what kind of world would it be?
It was the United States, the only nation in the free world that has the power to defend freedom, the power to defend against aggression.
If the United States falls down in time to help a poor and small, we
The Japanese, never.
The Europeans, never.
The world would be very unsafe.
So, in a sense, what we've got to get across is that what our folks did, and their wives and family, is something that was selfless, and that it succeeded, and it's long-lived, and the country, as a result,
in its leadership for peace and freedom of the world and has a better chance to achieve that goal.
That's what it's all about.
And you've all spoken about it.
I hope you did.
Because otherwise it wasn't worth it.
This is just for you to say, well, we're there to do this mission and something happened.
Now we're back.
It has to be for a great goal way up there.
I can tell you what.
I wish you could hear this.
having had the opportunity to observe our country and the executive office through the enemy's eyes when propaganda they exerted.
This is my own opinion, I would specify now, but it was quite apparent to me that from the time you first took office, the enemy felt that they were faced with an opposition that was superior to them.
and they did not know how to combat you successfully.
They felt uncomfortable after you took over and began fighting them when they had not before.
I talked to Dr. Shields very briefly when we were at Clark.
Shields, he's in charge of the field.
Among other things, using his own words,
talking about the recent B-52 bomb in San Juan.
He said the prisoner of war bit the bullet on that one.
And Bob and I had to miss it because we just got moved away.
We got to talk to a number of men.
Yes, sir.
In Anaheim, we got to sit there and watch the fireworks every night.
Well, they didn't sleep all day long.
So they could stay up all night.
I think most of us wished it had not been necessary.
Sure.
But I think it was.
Yeah.
You wished it wasn't necessary for tourism.
You didn't want to have any significant categories beyond that.
You didn't want to lose those 52s.
But you know, when you talk about the 52s, I remember the first one was lost.
We lost one about a year ago.
Yes, right.
But you see, the point is that at that time, the weather was so bad, there was nothing we could use.
Extend them to two so we can get through.
There are only two good days to fly, whether in December as I recall, or in the beginning of the year.
So most programs didn't go on there, but I think for the most part, they did what they were doing.
They were not unhappy about it.
And they did their job, and it worked.
And as we say, we did not know what would have been better, to have not used them, and then to have the war drag on for five more months, years, or five more months.
You see, that's what it really got done.
You're talking about all this weeping about the situation, the destruction of some big areas in the North.
And so they planned 1,200 to kill as far as the B-52 area.
Every week at the war, even in the past four years, the North Vietnamese, which are at least 1,000, at least 1,000,
And in addition to that, we have to bear in mind, as they talk about the destruction of our, well, at least our policy, as you know, was to try desperately to hit all the military targets.
What happened to Anaheim?
What happened to Quantree?
What happened to LA?
There they went and deliberately just mowed down the place.
The double standards of the military.
So anyway, I say our voice, our hopes are the right thing.
God knows we would all like a world in which there was no war.
We would like certainly a war in which we didn't have to use 52s.
We would like a war in which everybody lived and everybody was a hero and was never that way.
So again, the main thing is that we must do the right thing.
And thank God we have people like you and your colleagues and your wives and your mothers that believe that.
And they've been bullied despite the arms propaganda.
Maybe the country's messed up.
I think it's coming around.
Yeah.
We are going to have, we're waiting for everybody who's back.
We're going to have a, what we call an evening, a reception evening at the White House for
and their wives.
If you don't have a wife or a mother, and if you don't have a wife or a mother or a girlfriend, but if you've got a wife or a girlfriend, we're going to have that.
And we will work on a date quite soon.
Well, Mrs. Sexton, of course, she was there that day at the library.
We will...
where either surveillance or whatever they want, but you don't.
But, hey, we'll work all that out.
And then we'll arrange transportation.
We can get a few flights.
But, hey, we're going to have a good show.
We mainly want to be each one a thanking person for what you've done.
And then we have a little bit of mental for each of you.
It is something you sell.
You want to leave, but it's something you keep.
It's something you try.
A little small, a little small.
But I want you to know that's what we plan.
I wish we could do more.
I was thinking of trying to do it in smaller groups, but I think the whole group could be at one time.
I think we could join the reunion.
All 400 at one time.
And then we'll have a whole day when you see some of these.
So don't make any plans to go to sleep.
We're going to go to sleep.
So we're thinking of a date around 15 to be able to do it, probably right after Easter, or maybe before Easter.
So all you're going to do, you have to be pretty, and that's what I did.
The road's starting to be awkward.
You're not even going to see Trish's way.
I saw her on the newsreels.
That's when they brought us in today.
And it was newsreels from 65 to 72.
All one evening we watched the newsreels, and there was a lovely house.
No, he didn't do it, though.
That's right.
But we will look forward to seeing you on that occasion.
And I can only say that at just 33 years of age, you're lucky.
All those years that you've got a lot behind, but you've got all that ahead.
And the country needs you.
I, uh, you probably haven't decided that you're going to stay in the service.
I mean, I can't wait to be a messenger.
I mean, you know, take your time.
Take your time.
Decide it.
And, uh, life in the service.
I believe in you.
Everybody else is going to like you, too.
And, uh, and, uh, we, uh, I hope you can spend a little bit of your time to carry the message to the young people.
It's a pretty good time.
You're going to let him down, it's all for you.
You're going to let him down.
You're going to let him down.
You're going to let him down.
You're going to let him down.
You're going to let him down.
You're going to let him down.
You're going to let him down.
You're going to let him down.
You're going to let him down.
Well, I'll tell you what we'll do, Charles.
What we'll do is this.
We've got to have the, because of the facility, we're probably going to put up a big tent from all the way.
The reception will be in a while.
And then what we can do is perhaps have something for kids.
I started a kid
Now, I have 10 friends who came here back, my husband and I,
They had to keep laying it on, and I know what I think is the matter.
Well, they moved the board.
No, no, no.
They didn't move the board.
They weren't the Chinese prisoners.
They removed the board.
They were in a camp above the board.
So, Tom, what did you say about the fire department?
Thank you.
Well, exactly.
And we tell you, those Christmases came around.
Oh, I don't know.
Every Christmas, you know, we should have done it.
We should have done it.
We should have done it.
We should have done it.
We should have done it.
We should have done it.
We should have done it.
One of the major problems she had
I would help him.
You know, you know, you know, you know, you know, you know,
I congratulate you.
Tell me, why the cane?
What's it called again?
I don't know.
I wanted to brag, you know, that's what it was.
Sure, of course.
He's been educating himself.
I don't know if he knows that yet, but my husband learned to speak three fluent languages, including German.
They were very physically fit-minded, and they exercised for sometimes two to five hours a day, according to how much they were getting heat.
And he exercised, and he walked on his hands, and he just put his hands flat on the floor, and he would walk very slowly, and he would do push-ups while he was standing on his hands.
So he saw them on his hands.
I think it will be an interesting story for everybody to find out what contributed to this thing, the fact that we helped each other so much and we engaged each other.
I attribute to our physical
But we were prepared for this one.
You were prepared for another reason, too.
Let's face it.
You were all officers.
I don't mean that's a reflection of us.
But basically, an officer is more mature.
He's better briefed and so forth and so on.
And he has a better esprit.
I mean, the Air Force, you know, the Navy, the primary Air Force Navy, the U.S. Navy,
And I must say, a lot of people were worried about what would happen to me.
I was not too worried.
I thought that any man that could have a good sense of victory would need to have me some.
I really did.
How did you start laughing at him?
Oh, he's there.
He's there.
He's still there.
Yeah.
He's all right.
Or is he?
I don't know.
You haven't seen him?
I don't know.
I have talked to him.
I have talked to him.
And I believe he was.
We were very scared.
I thought he was very bad.
They told me he was all right.
They were going to release him.
If I had asked for him, I'd be 20.
And they released me.
I was sad.
But I didn't feel I had to die.
No, no, no.
Don't get in on friends.
And he wouldn't want that.
His father wouldn't be wrong.
No.
Thank you.
Oh, yeah.
Oh, yeah.
These are the plants.
These are the plants.
These are the plants.
These are the plants.
These are the plants.
These are the plants.
These are the plants.
These are the plants.
These are the plants.
These are the plants.
These are the plants.
These are the plants.
It's cruel.
I was down there.
Yeah.
Yeah.
She said that's really cruel.
She did.
That's a painting of my house.
I have written the artist back a hundred years ago.
The river was much closer to it.
This, nobody really recognizes it.
It's, of course, Washington.
That's Washington.
It doesn't look like it.
Oh, I'll show you one other thing.
We always show this to kids.
Thank you.
I saw one of the adults in this last group had a fly set and he said he'd made this.
Also, one of the guys had made boards.
One of the guys had made boards.
The testicles are a little bigger than mine.
And the middle of the testicles, I never remember.
This is the truck.
Oh, the mark of this room.
See what I'm saying?
That's where these, uh, the cuffs were.
Oh, the putty cream.
Oh, yeah.
The one in the office at the prison.
Yeah, I didn't hire him.
There used to be a clean box there.
And he walked out there, and the putty cream was out there.
So we cut them.
We had to change the fork and cut it out.
And I cut little pieces of it out and sent it to each of the older people on the road.
who had played golf for the night.
Oh, oh, oh.
Oh, oh, oh.
Oh, oh, oh.
Oh, oh, oh.
Oh, oh, oh.
Oh, oh, oh.
Oh, oh, oh.
Oh, oh, oh.
And she was just precious.
I wondered if that was a time that she remembered because I knew that this wasn't.
This wasn't what?
She didn't know you were coming in.
Was this in 69, early 69?
Wasn't it political?
Yes, you were there.
It was directly before the election.
It was the same thing, 58.
And it was in Margaret Hall.
Now, it was only in the month of, I think it was in September before the election in November.
I see.
There were a great many of us.
How did you get up?
How did you talk to her?
Well, I have a friend named Sandy Goldstein that's been very active.
And she dragged me up to her house.
Yeah.
Yeah.
Yeah.
Yeah.
Yeah.
Sure.
I mean, he's not bad at all.
Yeah.
Yeah.
Yeah.
Yeah.
Is that right?
Yes, sir.
He's my age.
He was a scout here when I was a student.
Right.
And when I think of these incredible characters, it's just emotional.
I'm glad to hear that.
I'm glad to hear that.
Well, where were you a scout?
In Los Angeles.
And how did he, he was over there?
I went to see what I was doing here, and he wasn't.
You see, I love you back when I think of you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Now, the other meadows, I'm not giving you yours today because they all have the same capacity.
You'll have fun with it then.
You get it done.
We get it done.
You get it done.
You're good for us.
Thank you for coming in.
All right.
Thank you.
Thank you.
That's impressive.
Boy, I have to do this.
You know, these guys are saying a lot about private and safe homes.
Thank you.
They had to be the North Vietnamese citizens of that.
No, they were dealing with a man in the White House that they could not take over Iran.
These guys have been out there.
And they're treating them like that.
We might as well have that assistant secretary in until we're done with it.
Whatever you want, all right?
You can visit us at the very next meeting.
No, I'm going to see him for five minutes.
Well, you're going to be with me the other part of our five minutes.
They do talk about this, you know.
They talk about it.
They talk about it.
Wow.
That's what it was again.
That's what it was again.
That's what it was again.
That's what it was again.
That's what it was again.
What is the matter with these guys?
Why are they here?
I don't know.
Mr. President?
Mr. Othello?
Mr. Dent?
Well, Mr. Minister, welcome.
Welcome.
Ambassador Thompson?
Ambassador.
Welcome.
Glad to see you here.
Mr. President.
Mr. Othello.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Othello.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent.
Thank you.