Nixon White House Tapes › Topic
Nixon Tapes on telecommunications
1,038 conversations · page 6 of 11 · frequently with Nixon, Cox, Palmby, Kissinger
On July 23, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 1:40 pm and 2:01 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 196-022 of the White House Tapes.
On July 25, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 10:07 am and 10:09 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 198-005 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 7:45 am and 8:04 am. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 027-066 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 8:06 am and 9:01 am. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 350-026 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 8:06 am and 9:01 am. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 350-027 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 9:01 am and 9:15 am. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 027-070 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at 11:09 am. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 350-036 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 4:59 pm and 5:00 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 352-003 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 5:01 pm and 5:10 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 352-006 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at 5:10 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 352-007 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 7:28 pm and 9:11 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 027-095 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 7:28 pm and 9:11 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 027-096 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at 7:42 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 352-014 of the White House Tapes.
On July 26, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 7:42 pm and 9:11 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 352-015 of the White House Tapes.
On July 28, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 11:04 am and 11:06 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 756-004 of the White House Tapes.
On July 30, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 10:28 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 198-016 of the White House Tapes.
On July 30, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 1:00 pm and 1:06 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 198-018 of the White House Tapes.
On July 30, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 1:32 pm and 1:56 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 198-022 of the White House Tapes.
On July 30, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator talked on the telephone at Camp David at 1:56 pm. The Camp David Study Table taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 138-012 of the White House Tapes.
On July 30, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 1:56 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 198-023 of the White House Tapes.
On July 30, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 1:58 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 198-024 of the White House Tapes.
On July 31, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 4:05 pm and 4:07 pm. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 757-001 of the White House Tapes.
On July 31, 1972, the recording device engaged at an unknown time between 5:54 pm and 8:44 pm, but the conversation appears to be blank. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 028-017 of the White House Tapes.
On July 31, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 10:31 pm and 10:58 pm. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 757-021 of the White House Tapes.
On July 31, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 10:31 pm and 10:58 pm. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 757-022 of the White House Tapes.
On August 1, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 8:22 am and 8:31 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 758-003 of the White House Tapes.
On August 1, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 11:03 am and 2:22 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 028-029 of the White House Tapes.
On August 1, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 11:03 am and 2:22 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 028-058 of the White House Tapes.
On August 1, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at 3:05 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 351-015 of the White House Tapes.
On August 3, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 11:49 am and 12:10 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 353-004 of the White House Tapes.
On August 3, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 2:27 pm and 2:30 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 029-003 of the White House Tapes.
On August 3, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 4:15 pm and 4:30 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 353-020 of the White House Tapes.
On August 3, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 4:45 pm and 4:47 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 353-022 of the White House Tapes.
On August 4, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 10:25 am and 10:36 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 761-005 of the White House Tapes.
On August 4, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 1:51 pm and 2:23 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 029-018 of the White House Tapes.
On August 4, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 2:28 pm and 2:30 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 029-021 of the White House Tapes.
An unknown caller contacted the White House operator to troubleshoot a technical issue regarding audio quality on a specific line designated as "398." The caller requested that the operator verify whether a previously reported hum or noise was still present on the line. The conversation concluded without a resolution as the operator prepared to connect the caller to a technician to assess the signal.
Unknown person(s) and the White House operator talked on the telephone on an unknown date, sometime between 2:58 pm on August 4, 1972 and 4:42 pm on August 6, 1972. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 029-030 of the White House Tapes.
On August 7, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 4:34 pm and 5:23 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 029-035 of the White House Tapes.
On August 8, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at 12:05 pm. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 765-013 of the White House Tapes.
On August 8, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 12:38 pm and 12:39 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 363-004 of the White House Tapes.
On August 8, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at 4:08 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 363-013 of the White House Tapes.
On August 8, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 4:54 pm and 4:56 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 363-017 of the White House Tapes.
On August 8, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 4:59 pm and 5:05 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 363-021 of the White House Tapes.
On August 8, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 10:15 pm and 10:53 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 200-002 of the White House Tapes.
On August 9, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 1:05 pm and 1:47 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 200-016 of the White House Tapes.
On August 10, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 12:00 pm and 1:12 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 200-023 of the White House Tapes.
On August 11, 1972, Edward R. F. Cox, Clarence D. Palmby, and unknown person(s) talked on the telephone at Camp David at an unknown time between 8:30 pm and 10:20 pm. The Camp David Study Table taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 137-006 of the White House Tapes.
On August 11, 1972, Edward R. F. Cox, unknown person(s), and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 8:30 pm and 10:20 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 201-008 of the White House Tapes.
On August 12, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 8:50 pm and 10:35 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 201-012 of the White House Tapes.
On August 13, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 9:18 am and 9:38 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 199-002 of the White House Tapes.
On August 13, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 10:13 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 199-009 of the White House Tapes.
On August 13, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 10:15 am and 10:19 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 199-011 of the White House Tapes.
On August 13, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 10:22 am and 10:45 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 199-014 of the White House Tapes.
On August 14, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 2:50 pm and 3:52 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 362-018 of the White House Tapes.
On August 14, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 3:54 pm and 4:34 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 362-020 of the White House Tapes.
On August 15, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 8:25 pm and 8:41 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 202-010 of the White House Tapes.
On August 16, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator talked on the telephone at Camp David at an unknown time between 8:29 am and 2:11 pm. The Camp David Study Table taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 140-006 of the White House Tapes.
On August 16, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 8:29 am and 2:11 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 202-016 of the White House Tapes.
On August 16, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 3:56 pm and 3:58 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 202-021 of the White House Tapes.
On August 16, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 4:11 pm and 9:06 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 202-023 of the White House Tapes.
On August 16, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 9:06 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 203-001 of the White House Tapes.
On August 17, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator talked on the telephone at Camp David at an unknown time between 8:45 am and 9:01 am. The Camp David Study Table taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 140-015 of the White House Tapes.
On August 17, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 9:01 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 203-004 of the White House Tapes.
On August 17, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 11:10 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 203-015 of the White House Tapes.
On August 17, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator talked on the telephone at Camp David at an unknown time between 8:30 pm and 10:32 pm. The Camp David Study Table taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 140-028 of the White House Tapes.
On August 17, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 10:51 pm and 11:02 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 204-005 of the White House Tapes.
President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David on an unknown date, sometime between 9:15 am on August 18, 1972 and 11:42 am on August 19, 1972. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 204-013 of the White House Tapes.
On August 19, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 11:49 am and 12:02 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 205-007 of the White House Tapes.
On August 19, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 12:14 pm and 12:33 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 205-011 of the White House Tapes.
On August 19, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 3:03 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 205-015 of the White House Tapes.
On August 19, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 3:03 pm and 3:23 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 205-016 of the White House Tapes.
On August 19, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 3:26 pm and 4:22 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 205-019 of the White House Tapes.
On August 20, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 7:45 am and 9:30 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 206-005 of the White House Tapes.
On August 20, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator talked on the telephone at Camp David at an unknown time between 11:25 am and 12:27 pm. The Camp David Study Table taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 140-049 of the White House Tapes.
On August 20, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 11:25 am and 12:27 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 206-025 of the White House Tapes.
On August 20, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 12:36 pm and 4:00 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 206-013 of the White House Tapes.
On August 20, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 6:25 pm and 10:32 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 206-021 of the White House Tapes.
On August 21, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 11:20 am and 12:28 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 207-005 of the White House Tapes.
On September 10, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 10:00 am and 11:44 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 209-003 of the White House Tapes.
On September 12, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 8:44 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 210-003 of the White House Tapes.
On September 12, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 8:44 pm and 8:49 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 210-004 of the White House Tapes.
On September 15, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 10:40 am and 10:41 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 778-010 of the White House Tapes.
On September 16, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 2:31 pm and 6:36 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 211-006 of the White House Tapes.
On September 17, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 11:27 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 211-014 of the White House Tapes.
On September 17, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 11:28 am and 11:30 am. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 211-017 of the White House Tapes.
On September 19, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 12:47 pm and 1:53 pm. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 783-020 of the White House Tapes.
On September 19, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 3:10 pm and 3:12 pm. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 783-021 of the White House Tapes.
On September 19, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 7:45 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 212-003 of the White House Tapes.
On September 21, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at 9:30 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 784-001 of the White House Tapes.
On September 21, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 2:16 pm and 3:15 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 030-013 of the White House Tapes.
On September 23, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 4:50 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 213-004 of the White House Tapes.
On September 24, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at 12:56 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 213-022 of the White House Tapes.
Edward R. F. Cox and the White House operator talked on the telephone on an unknown date, sometime between 6:44 pm on September 29, 1972 and 11:52 am on September 30, 1972. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 030-033 of the White House Tapes.
President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator talked on the telephone at Camp David on an unknown date, sometime between 1:05 pm on September 30, 1972 and 9:22 am on October 3, 1972. The Camp David Study Desk taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 180-001 of the White House Tapes.
On September 30, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 2:05 pm and 2:32 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 214-002 of the White House Tapes.
On October 2, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 11:39 am and 11:43 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 790-009 of the White House Tapes.
On October 2, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at 2:37 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 354-009 of the White House Tapes.
On October 2, 1972, Henry A. Kissinger and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 5:03 pm and 8:30 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 214-024 of the White House Tapes.
On October 2, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Camp David operator met in the Aspen Lodge study at Camp David at an unknown time between 8:22 pm and 8:30 pm. The Camp David Hard Wire taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 214-029 of the White House Tapes.