Conversation 778-006

TapeTape 778StartFriday, September 15, 1972 at 10:01 AMEndFriday, September 15, 1972 at 10:30 AMParticipantsNixon, Richard M. (President);  McConaughy, Walter P.;  Haig, Alexander M., Jr.;  White House photographerRecording deviceOval Office

On September 15, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon, Walter P. McConaughy, Alexander M. Haig, Jr., and White House photographer met in the Oval Office of the White House from 10:01 am to 10:30 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 778-006 of the White House Tapes.

Conversation No. 778-6

Date: September 15, 1972
Time: 10:01 am - 10:30 am

                                        (rev. Feb-24)

Location: Oval Office

The President met with Walter P. McConaughy and Alexander M. Haig, Jr.

[The White House photographer was present at the beginning of the meeting.]

         Greetings
             -McConaughy's previous meeting with the President, June 30, 1971
                   -July 15, 1971

         Foreign policy
            -Two China situation
                -People's Republic of China [PRC]
                     -McConaughy's role
                         -Effect on Taiwan, Republic of China
                     -Mutual Defense Treaty
                     -Relaxation of trade and travel

**********************************************************************

[Previous National Security (B) withdrawal reviewed under MDR guidelines case number
LPRN-T-MDR-2014-035. Segment declassified on 05/29/2019. Archivist: MAS]
[National Security]
[778-006-w001]
[Duration: 4m 16s]

       Foreign policy
              -Two-China situation
                      -Japanese relations
                      -Japanese politics
              -People’s Republic of China [PRC] policy
                      -Walter P. McConaughy’s trip to Peking
                      -Masayoshi Ohira
                      -Japan's interest
                              -Economic factor
                              -Diplomatic relations with Taiwan
                              -Republic of China [ROC] interests
                      -Diplomatic recognition of Taiwan by US
                      -Japanese domestic politics
                              -Using US

                                     (rev. Feb-24)

                           -Mutual defense treaty
                           -Japanese recognition of Peking
                                  -Treaty with Taiwan
                    -Chinese Communists' position
                           -United Nations [UN]
                                  -Status of Taiwanese treaties
                                          -The People's Republic of China [PRC]
                                          -Peking's interpretation
                           -The President’s opinion
                                  -Benefit to Taiwan

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      Foreign policy
            -Chiang Kai-Shek
                -Age
                -Governmental status
                -Health concerns
                     -McConaughy's view
                     -Public appearances

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BEGIN WITHDRAWN ITEM NO.2
[National Security (B) withdrawal reviewed under MDR guidelines case number LPRN-T-MDR-
2014-035. Segment exempt per Executive Order 13526, 3.3(b)(1) on 05/14/2019. Archivist:
MAS]
[National Security]
[778-006-w002]
[Duration: 3s]

END OF WITHDRAWN ITEM NO.2

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         World War II leaders
           -Winston S. Churchill

                                        (rev. Feb-24)

            -Dwight D. Eisenhower
            -Charles A.J.M. De Gaulle
            -Konrad Adenauer
            -Chiang
            -Yukiko Yoshida
                -The President's recollections
                     -Churchill's health
                     -Adenauer and DeGaulle
                     -Eisenhower
            -Chaing
            -Madame Chiang Kai-Shek
                -McConaughy's view
                     -The President's visit in 1967

         China's history
            -World War II
                 -Taiwan
                      -United Nation [UN]

         Foreign policy
            -Taiwan relations
                -Henry A. Kissinger
                -Japan
                -McConaughy's role
            -Kakuei Tanaka
                -Nobusuke Kishi and Eisaku Sato

**********************************************************************

[Previous National Security (B) withdrawal reviewed under MDR guidelines case number
LPRN-T-MDR-2014-035. Segment declassified on 05/29/2019. Archivist: MAS]
[National Security]
[778-006-w003]
[Duration: 2m 28s]

      Foreign policy
             -Kakuei Tanaka
                     -Understanding of geopolitical position of Taiwan
                           -Sea-route to Middle East
                                   -Europe

                                        (rev. Feb-24)

                              -Okinawa
                      -Japan's trade interest
                              -Relations with People’s Republic of China [PRC]
                              -Relations with Taiwan
             -Japan
                      -Feelings towards Taiwan
                             -Traditional ties
                      -Old guard
                             -Nobusuke Kishi

      Two-China issue
           -Republic of China [ROC]
           -Taiwanese
                   -Feelings toward US policy
                   -Effect on each country
                           -Benefits
                   -No threat of military confrontation
                           -Political and economic competition

*********************************************************************

      Two-China issue
          -Chiang Kai-Shek's view
              -Global balance of power
                   -Effect on Soviet Union
              -Feelings toward Soviet Union
          -Taiwan
              -Relations with US
                   -Compared to relations with Japan
                   -Financial institutions
                   -Tanaka
                   -Economic ties with Japan
          -Possible World Bank vote
              -Japanese position

**********************************************************************

[Previous National Security (B) withdrawal reviewed under MDR guidelines case number
LPRN-T-MDR-2014-035. Segment declassified on 05/29/2019. Archivist: MAS]

                                        (rev. Feb-24)

[National Security]
[778-006-w004]
[Duration: 24s]

       Two-China issue
            -Possible World Bank vote
                    -Chinese influence
                    -Chou En-lai
                    -Henry A. Kissinger
                           -Forthcoming return from trip
            -Japan
                    -Economic relations with US

*********************************************************************

                 Two-China issue-Taiwan foreign relations
                 -World Bank
                 -Asia Development Bank
                     -Proposal
                 -Australia
                     -Upcoming elections
                          -Effect of Labor Party victory
                               -Diplomatic relations with Taiwan
                     -Recognition of PRC
             -Taiwan diplomatic relations
                 -Argentina
                 -Venezuela
                 -Brazil
                 -Thailand
                     -Chou En-lai
                     -Thailand ping-pong team's visit to PRC
             -Taiwan membership in world conferences
                 -Difficulties
                 -Endangered species conference
                     -Washington, DC
                     -Taiwan invitation
                          -World reaction
             -Taiwan
                 -Possible solution
                 -Compared to Israel

                          (rev. Feb-24)

   -1972 export increases
   -Trade with Canada
   -Trade with Western Europe
        -Belgium
        -Holland
        -Italy
   -West Germany
        -Recognition of PRC
   -Economic development
        -Taiwan policies
        -Inflation
        -Labor force
             -McConaughy's view
             -Cost-of-living
             -Societal effect
   -Chiang Ching-kuo
        -Position as Premier
   -Yen Chia-kan [C.K. Yan]
        -Position as Vice President
        -Political future
   -Chiang Ching-kuo
        -Role
        -McConaughy's view
        -Future
        -Chiang Kai-shek
   -National sentiment towards the President
        -Thelma C. ("Pat") Nixon
   -Historical perspective
        -The President's view
   -Benefits of initiative
        -McConaughy's view
   -Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer
   -Adm. Arthur W. Radford
        -Forthcoming visit
        -Philippines
-Administration's Two-China policy
   -Effect on domestic criticism
        -Taiwan
   -Taiwan's reaction
   -National security benefits
        -The President's view

                                      (rev. Feb-24)

               -New York Times coverage
               -Washington Post coverage
            -McConaughy's term as ambassador
               -McConaughy's actions
                   -The President's view
               -McConaughy's role
               -Taiwan's reaction

**********************************************************************

[Previous National Security (B) withdrawal reviewed under MDR guidelines case number
LPRN-T-MDR-2014-035. Segment declassified on 05/29/2019. Archivist: MAS]
[National Security]
[778-006-w005]
[Duration: 5m 9s]

      Two-China issue
           -Future policy
                   -Comparison of Two Chinas
                          -US national interest
                                  -Follow separate courses
           -Taiwan's history
                   -Association with People’s Republic of China [PRC]
                   -Japanese rule
                          -1895
                   -Nanking rule of Taiwan
                          -1945-1949
                   -Lack of connection with mainland
                   -Seventeenth-century immigrants
                          -Differences from mainland
                   -Walter P. McConaughy's opinion
                          -US position
                   -Shanghai communique
                          -US intervention
           -Taiwan-People’s Republic of China [PRC] relations
                   -Economic isolation
                   -Trade to Taiwan
                   -Maintenance of Taiwan economy
                   -People’s Republic of China [PRC] tactics
                          -Subversion

                                      (rev. Feb-24)

                           -Infiltration
                           -Potential for taking over Taiwan

      Foreign policy
             -People’s Republic of China [PRC]
                     -Possible moderation of attitude towards Taiwan
             -Taiwan
                     -Compared with Cyprus, Madagascar, Malta, Puerto Rico
                     -Negotiations with People’s Republic of China [PRC]
                             -Attitude of people
                             -US stance
                     -Military action
                             -Treaty and exchange of letters
                             -Likelihood
                             -US consultation
                     -1969 attempt to land on mainland
                     -The President's previous visit to People’s Republic of China [PRC]
                     -Desire to avoid confrontation with People’s Republic of China [PRC]

**********************************************************************

           Foreign policy
               -Taiwan
                    -The President's view
                        -Economic matters

        McConaughy's return trip to Taiwan
           -USS The President Wilson
           -Itinerary
           -Los Angeles to Key [unknown place]
        The President's reminiscences
           -Trip on USS The President Wilson
                -San Francisco
                -Noumea
                -New Caledonia
                -The President's military rank

           Parting remarks
           -Dorothy McConaughy
                -Mrs. Nixon

                                       (rev. Feb-24)

McConaughy and Haig left at 10:30 am.

This transcript was generated automatically by AI and has not been reviewed for accuracy. Do not cite this transcript as authoritative. Consult the Finding Aid above for verified information.

Hi there, how are you?
It's a great privilege to have you again.
I see you after 14 months.
Yeah, it's about 15, I'm off.
14 months.
Well, what's the matter?
I said, I was two weeks before July 15th.
And I called and they said it was June 1st.
And looking back, I can see, Mr. President, you gave me some pretty good audience.
You told me that.
If I could reconcile and keep up that confidence and morale, I'd have a lot to work with.
There'd be no change in our essential policy toward Taiwan.
The mutual defense treaty would be maintained, so I'd have something to work with.
So, with the benefit of hindsight, I'd say you gave me some pretty broad insight.
Although, of course, my assumption then was that you had in mind more the relaxation rate, trade and travel.
Tell me, how is, uh, how is, uh, what is the feeling in the government circles now?
They, uh, they, uh, the GMO now, it's old.
He'll, uh, he'll be 85, and I hope the next month, I'll have him recovered from his, uh, unfortunately, he hasn't fully recovered.
He's, he's slowly complexing.
There's pretty serious bronchial involvement he has.
He did have, but, uh, he's still very, you know, the doctors
We'll leave it covered.
But still phenomenal.
I don't think he has any chronic illness, no sign of cancer, of heart disease, anything like that.
It's just this acute bronchial infection, which I believe the doctors are getting under control, but it has been.
It's practically just a race.
It shouldn't be 75 feet, six or seven.
I guess that's about it.
It needs to weigh quite a bit more than that.
Quite a remarkable group of men, or two or three.
They're in how long they lasted.
There was Churchill, and of course Eisenhower, and de Gaulle, and Ednauer, and I guess you can kill you.
I mean, who, of course, was afterwards.
But all these men I've seen, they were very old.
Churchill had a stroke.
He was sharp.
He knew what was going on.
And then the others were just, man, head and arm.
They all were good to the last.
And Eisenhower was good to the last.
And here this fellow was just amazing.
I guess, man, it's easy to be the most terrible of all.
But to have an even real physical charm as she has at the age of 70 is something.
I'd say she's just as lovely and just as engaging and charming as she was the last time you saw her.
And to turn on them and think of that period of the World War.
When they were sitting in the Great Councils, you could see how much heat on them.
Here they are sitting on Taiwan.
Taiwan, of course, is more than three-fourths of the miserable countries that make up the U.N.
But on the other hand, they know what they are and what they could be.
God, they must burn their tails.
It's just too bad.
Too bad.
Well, I think you've just got to give them the usual reassurances that we're caught in a tough battle.
I mean, they were perhaps like, you can't say they're Japanese.
I mean, you do this, you do that, and you try.
It just doesn't work.
We worked on it.
We worked on it.
We worked on it.
We worked on it.
We worked on it.
We worked on it.
Not the old, I mean, this would never happen to me.
This is a little terrier.
He's running around.
That's what you have here, I assume.
The other thing that's done, which the J-Law, who we really make some world terms,
He said it has very significantly changed the world balance of power, as you know.
It's had one hell of an effect on the Russians.
He may see it differently than others, but that's been an enormous event.
As far as people understand, he still has this profound distrust of the Russians.
He's always trying to show them.
And they're very appreciative of the fact that we have not gone anything like this far as the Japanese and other friends, former friends of theirs have gone.
They do look to us in a lot of ways to help them out, keep some precedence in the National Financial Institutions.
All of us are not directing them to not take a strong position on that.
They don't have anything.
I think it will.
I don't.
and with country after country, serving relations with them.
If labor went to Australia, I think the next day the Australians would break the currency and establish relations with the mainland.
Most of Latin America
Thailand seems to be wavering a little.
Joe and I went all out to roll out the red carpet for that ping pong team recently.
So we're seeing the diplomatic war that has shrunk month by month, and it's difficult for them to get in any national conference.
We've had a problem with our endangered species conference, our own conference right here in Washington.
We wanted them there, we invited them, but it turned out that
of the critical countries, including the African countries, the home of most of these endangered species, wouldn't even come if the Republic of China showed up.
That's the dilemma we're up against.
One way or another, I think we've got to try to prevent that total isolation.
But they're showing a lot of heart.
They wouldn't give up even if they are totally isolated, except for us.
They're still trying to make a go of it.
In a lot of ways, they are.
exports for the first six months of this year are up 38% over the same period of last year.
They're showing great resourcefulness in finding ways of increasing trade, even with countries that have broken with them.
Canada is one example.
Canada was one of the first to break this wave.
They've increased that trade substantially with Canada.
And that trade with Western Europe is going to happen, even though Belgium broke with them.
It was hard to turn it back in.
economic development on a major scale without inflation.
I've told them once or twice, half in jest, that I wish they could teach us something about that.
Of course, the secret, though, is that they've got a disciplined labor force that doesn't strike and works like jury.
Gradually, their benefits are increasing, but not head over heels.
It's on a very controlled basis.
It takes, I guess, in a sense, a sort of semi-authoritarian society to put that over.
It just couldn't be done here the way they do it.
They have all strikes, for instance.
But it works for them.
Tsang Chin-po, I think, is doing very well.
And he would be the titular head of the government to, if anything, come to the GMO during the present six-year term.
But even during that period, although he'd be the front man, he would have some real power and status, too, because he's a very considerable man in his own right, you know, a man of real stature.
time in fiscal matters.
So he still has a real substantive role and the titular role to be the front man.
But Chang Ching-po has all the reins of power and he would be running things, but in close concert with Xi Jinping, they get along very well.
So I think there'd be continuity and stability if President Chang's time should come soon.
I don't anticipate that
And it's a great feeling of warmth for you as the chief of our state, and personally for you and Mr. Nixon, and President and Mrs. Chalmers.
Last time I saw him, which was some months ago, I've been in this country since late July, but he reiterated in warmest terms how I regard
The tragedy is that we have to be here when these historical forces work against us because we were waiting to do it otherwise it would be done.
You can see where we are.
And because from a personal standpoint, they're among the great people in the world.
And they've been personal.
You did the right thing as one of the great creative masters
of your policy is that it is really respectful of the domestic criticism of our China policy.
It just hasn't been...
New York Times has taped it off on criticism.
Western Post even.
They put a cover on that.
That's something.
I believe they see that.
And my good access to the warmth which I've received and just a close personal empathy is unchanged, as you recall in all this.
Well, we are.
I take no credit for that.
bitter pill because they know how I feel about the folks that are personally in their philosophy of government.
But we had to do this for very basic national security reasons.
And if you could just continue to reassure them, that's a tough post.
on the average for an investor to stay at one post, but if you want me there a while longer, I'm certainly willing to stay a while longer.
Yeah, you can plan to stay a while longer, because it wouldn't change anything now that we have an accident.
You're one of the few people in the Forest Service they trust, and with good reason.
Well, I find it's even better.
They know that I haven't gone native there.
It goes without saying, it's my own country, first, last, and always.
Well, we should, well, thank you.
They're great people.
They're great people.
Yeah.
I'm going back to my shelter.
I miss you.
I miss you.
I miss you.
I miss you.
I miss you.
I miss you.
I miss you.
I miss you.
I miss you.
Well, you can tell the captain of that ship.
I took President Wilson from San Francisco to Numea to the Caledonia in 1943.
That's right.
Well, well.
We had 3,000 on that.
And I went over as a lieutenant to the junior grade officer to the Numea to the Caledonia.
President Wilson, how's that?
All right then.
And so that's for you and the gracious lady.
She never forgets your kindness in saying that she bears a slave.
I remember this.
She really cherishes that conviction on your part.
She's a great person.
And enjoy that 18 days.
Obviously, you don't get seasick.
That doesn't matter.