President Nixon consulted with aides Patrick J. Buchanan and Henry A. Kissinger regarding economic policies, the impending announcement of a U.S.-Soviet Union summit, and potential Supreme Court appointments. The participants discussed strategies for the Pay Board, the timing of foreign policy announcements, and the political implications of prospective judicial candidates. Significant actions included coordinating briefings for labor leader George Meany and finalizing preparations for the President’s public announcement regarding upcoming diplomatic negotiations.
This clip was extracted from the full tape recording by Easy Nixon.
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Position in tape: 00:21:32 – 00:57:13
288a.mp3
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I got your memorandum on the .
As far as that is concerned, that is in the air.
It's in the air because .
They may agree .
Thank you.
Now, we're going to play it.
It comes at an appropriate time because it's going on for a long time.
I don't know if you can see it.
particularly bears on my assault, particularly bears on the silo thing.
I had a very tough talk with them when we pulled out silos.
I said, I'm with you.
We're going forward with these.
We're going forward with this assault.
We're going forward with this assault.
And what you're trying to negotiate with us
So we've got to have an understanding of that.
The deal has got to be a two-way deal, where we will have to have our AGMs and we're going to have to get the social skills.
So they're all going to have to deal with it.
And if they don't, it's kind of a bad luck situation.
So it's going to be quite a show.
The Chinese will take this to court.
Oh, I see.
Yeah, we've already... We would do the court of the Chinese without the bills.
The Chinese state rules.
But you're going to run off.
And also... We can't do it alone.
We're worried about a lot of people.
They want to get pregnant and we can't.
So this means that maybe it would be cool for them to go to other places.
They can control it.
And if you need a chance to come to an A&A, they encourage you to go.
But don't tell me you're going to pay for it.
You're going to have to block it, right?
You're going to have to block it.
And then you're going to have to put it all away.
So you're going to have to...
This is very complicated .
And a lesser level of magnitude, but a great, great importance .
.
.
Oh, I don't feel you, man.
You're like a little bird, buddy.
Yeah.
Okay, so tell us the sound of the building tower.
This is great.
We'll eat better stuff there.
Also, birds are hell of a problem.
You know it?
Not another person around.
He's tough.
He's not that interested in writing you.
No.
Oh, Christ, I found you.
He said he gave up being there.
I think he's good.
No, no, no.
I was a hell of a fellow.
Honest, decent, working hard for the lesson and so forth.
But I want to hold it up to him.
But we're looking for another son.
We have to get one soon.
I don't know what to do up there.
Most of them are just dead silent.
Jackson, of course, said he would give you an appointment.
Sure.
He's playing with the birds.
Sure.
How brave is he?
He can't say anything for a reason.
Oh, there's been a lot of jokes about the woman.
You're going to be on there.
Uh, I can't see anyone that's involved on this.
Just this gimmick I'm going to have to do.
Reagan's going to be on there, too.
She was on there.
Air Corps, which is the highest credit rating in the United States of California for 20 years.
The fuel strike in the Indian Court of Appeals in the state of California for five or six years.
Science is a different version of the Indian Court of Appeals.
We go very strong.
Sounds fine.
Yeah, sure does.
And also, you can't leave off 25 years a judge.
They can't say that.
They may say she won't be over it or something like that, but who the hell is, I know there's some bunch of scholars
picked out the 10 greatest jurists in the nation's history, among them was Warren.
Warren.
And Brennan.
Brennan.
Brennan's a goddamn lightweight.
Maybe Warren because he's a huge judge.
Brennan is the only one that's counted.
Do you mind if I add a second group?
What?
In the second group, they had Fortas and Douglas.
What?
Sure.
Why?
The other two.
There are two of them in the apartment.
No, that's just...
He's a decent man.
That's right.
We've got a long time sitting in that chair.
There's not going to be any two or one in that court.
Not because they're doing it.
There's no joke that it can be right on the criminal law issue.
Have you ever known one that was?
They're all done.
How about those that were on it?
So you're going to get two conservatives in this party?
Oh, yeah.
I'm scared.
You're scared?
Don't you think so?
Sure.
I bet those guys haven't had a press conference yet.
Except you've got Jackson McGovern who didn't believe the president.
You passed it around.
You were a conservative.
You're going to start a little burden.
Here's the point that I want you to have.
I don't think they're going to ask me what alliance I want to take.
Is this the president's party?
Dave?
They assassinated one man, honorable, decent man, Tom, because he happened to be a Southern.
Now, the President is concerned about their down there and has assassinated another man because he happens to be basically a conservative.
Now, it shows that it isn't just Southern.
It's conservative.
So that's what they're after.
Right?
Sure is.
Sure is.
I don't want to give up that court.
I'm scared the hell out of them for these two appointments.
They're almost saying you shouldn't have the right to appoint these two and turn around.
This is just a historic struggle right now.
What's he saying?
They're making a candidate.
They're almost saying you almost shouldn't have the right to appoint two more like that.
Because this is a historic... Yeah, they say that I should balance the first and second.
What part of Christ did they balance it?
That's right, yeah.
They had 9-0, okay?
Do they know, for God's sakes, who kind of people did Johnson appoint?
Even Eisenhower, he appointed Warren.
He appointed Brennan.
And he appointed Potter Stewart, who was the... Stacey Ducey.
Yeah.
He is.
Well, I'm speaking not sexually, but God damn it goes out to Georgetown, goes wrong on this thing.
No.
But Potter will go with the board.
See, this gives Berger the whip.
Yeah.
Let me tell you something, too.
Yeah.
Paki's possible.
Not only because he's a scholar and all, that's fine.
The beauty of the whole thing is they've got to do a point, they've got to confirm a subject.
You agree?
I mean, we're going to find one.
Looking at our, I mean, looking at, looking at our brand.
It was a wreck.
It was a dime.
She's in surgery, period.
It really is.
And it's a, it's a, well, I, you know, I had, I had this woman slip, you know, horrible guilt.
But, you know, it's a funny thing.
There's an awful lot of women who slip at school.
That's very true.
My point is this.
If you were to poll a country, 60% of the country would say they don't want a woman to be on the court.
But on the other hand, those people are not going to vote against you because you put a woman on.
However, the 10% who feel strongly want you to be on the money switch.
That's right.
What do you think?
You're right on that.
It's like a gun control issue.
80% of people on gun control, the other 10% are keeping it.
That's right.
But you know, you've got to get the point here.
George McGovern just said on Sunday, I told you, my first choice would be a woman for the Supreme Court if I could make it.
I promise you that.
And they're really going to be in a box if you've got a woman that's a strict constructionist.
I don't see any way they can turn it down.
Shit.
Oh, don't try.
No.
Well, I can't see it.
Because she's been reversed.
She's been reversed for the California Supreme Court several times.
You know, she stood up for the police.
Really.
It's about them.
It's about them.
Well, it's not the other way.
And married to an Italian.
So nice, fine-looking fellow.
He was rather mediocre.
But I say mediocre.
He was a lawyer.
He was a decent lawyer.
He was usually in debt.
But a nice, talented boy.
55, 62.
How are you doing?
I told him, I told him, I said, God damn it.
I know he's got some kind of, uh, drill.
I'm afraid he can't prove it.
Is Bernie on this deal, though?
Does Bernie know we're going here?
Is he bothered by it?
He brought up his own name to me.
No, but my point is, the high honor to be considered in the Supreme Court.
And I think the way is that we're not hurting him.
We're just letting him.
His colleagues are going to kill him.
Let us see how bad they honor him.
Do you agree?
I agree.
I agree 100%.
You think they will come?
I was saying anyways they will wait to see the court.
They've got to come out now.
I want to get the NAACP on this.
I mean, I've got to do it.
I've got to do it.
And, but mainly, worry those sons about you doing the same.
Well, I don't, I'm not going to get all the court things in that realm.
I'm just going to say, you know, a lot of talk about the court.
I'm just going to say that I will have, I don't know, send both names to the Senate next week.
And that will have trouble.
Yeah, that will have trouble.
I think I'll just say that.
There's no use for me to go out and repeat.
Yeah.
What about burgers?
What are my standards?
All your questions are going to be answered.
But you think that's best?
Because we've got it all set.
I'm hoping to do it too soon, but I say next week.
I'm going to be very concerned.
All right.
Okay.
Yes, sir.
I have something to talk about.
He's probably going to lead us to Moscow.
That's very interesting.
Thank you.
Two things.
They will probably ask you things when I'm going.
I'm just going to say the latter part of my story.
They will announce the details.
If you technically have to sit down, they'll announce it.
They're much better, I see.
Did he give you some additional details?
Yeah, well, I, all right, fine, I'll put it up.
We have two interesting things.
I always, you know, I told you, and I just now received your character as an old book.
Yeah.
And wrote it along, and I just felt, you know, it was probably, you know, it was unanimous to you, and I said, all right, I'm not going to answer the primary questions, but I'm going to.
Given this is P.G.
Bay, P.J.B., that can't do good, that part, if you put the conference off until Saturday, until he can, it's very stressful.
You know, if I just call him over, I'm going to have to do it.
Through the evening.
Just go.
Yeah, I won't.
Yeah, you do not have to do that.
You don't have to do that.
You don't have to do that.
You don't have to do that.
You don't have to do that.
You don't have to do that.
We got another message from Japan, Los Angeles.
They just didn't tell us yesterday.
It's a cheap way of saying people got their own example today.
Are we?
We just know we're dealing with a chapter.
Okay.
But the chapter didn't make it.
So we're carrying on with the race.
Okay.
Now, two interesting things.
I saw that news on KTV before.
And there's an article saying the United States and the Soviet Union now have become an interested piece in Vietnam.
Yeah.
Which is interesting, because he doesn't really accept other data.
You don't think so, right?
Technically, Walter did a bit of a proposal.
Oh, yeah.
To them yesterday.
You know, he proposed a meeting with the Kurds.
They said, here are the monsters.
Here are the monsters.
Because I had said it to me, if we ever get to a point
where we had settled it within two days, and where you got a seat of yourself, where you really could do it there, and there had to be a kind of deal to settle it down after a long time.
So something has to be done, something has to be done.
And we said, here's your time to do it.
And they said, no, don't accept that.
That one won't bring it.
We won't have to do it.
We'll take care of it.
I think Henry, your judgment in regard to the fact that my response is on you.
The reason they kicked me in the teeth in September was because they wanted to
see that we would get so discouraged that we would have Q, and Q was definitely on the- I'm going to take the line today of they asked me how long was there, first, how long I was going to have Q, and then I'm going to go ahead and ask the next question, and I'll say, well, how long do I have their support for me?
And I say, as long as it's necessary to accomplish our goals.
No, but even if they ask, I would say, we'll cover that.
I don't know.
No, that's wrong.
You need a department.
That's right.
You're a good checker.
Let me take the heat.
You see, because then, and I'm convinced that November, and I remember it now, despite what Bill Rogers and Larry Cole said to me, as you say, the American Congress will end.
Maybe it doesn't, but it will mean something when I say it.
When we say no more draft keys, that's going to have a hell of a bang.
That will end it in the minds of most people after this.
I think that announcement, however, I'd like to make very early in November.
I'd like to get it to happen.
Well, let's see what they'll do, Mr. President.
If they bring Li Dazhou back to Paris for the November 1st meeting, that is, you make the announcement any time after that.
We've asked for Li Dazhou's book, and we've sent him on call to Li Dazhou.
Li Dazhou is back, and you make it through a three-month withdrawal announcement.
Everybody will figure there's something going on.
They'll figure it anyway.
No, no, but my trip won't be announced, but Leader Co.'s presence will be announced.
And Leader Co. never comes unless there's something going on.
They don't have to think I'm doing it, but they will think something is going on.
If you go back over, you get a little spiky on the ground.
You might see a little bit of color on the ground.
She doesn't have it.
I don't have it.
Nobody has it.
I'm scared of her.
I don't know if she lives around here.
I don't know if she lives around here.
I don't know if she lives around here.
I don't know if she lives around here.
God damn them.
Why do they have to say that?
We had McGovern going back and forth.
He turned about an 80 degree.
I'm pretty worried about it.
I hate this, but I know one of our good guys here.
Nice guy.
I don't know which one, but I know that I can see.
Look.
The other day, will you inform Reagan?
Well, I don't know.
That's all right.
But I think Reagan.
Yeah, Reagan is the one that's going to...
I don't have to put these down here.
And he's dropping in.
Yeah, that's right.
That's right.
But Reagan, you had a long, long talk with him.
I'm sorry, the kid.
Oh, what the hell?
Oh, the kid.
I can't believe it.
I can't believe it.
It's time.
It's been a long break.
Yeah, I'll drop in on that.
I know it's quite, it's too late.
No, no, no, I mean the cable.
I think the cable, wherever he is, it's worthwhile.
I don't know.
But if he gets it after the announcement, that's the main difference.
The other people say the cable was sent before.
I think rating is fairly important to us all.
One other thing.
Maybe you want to go to some games and all that kind of thing.
If you want to call it J-Love, you don't have to go there.
You don't have to go to New Orleans.
You don't have to go to New Orleans.
Or if they're not informed, they're out of polling.
I've seen, see my point.
And you can say, now look here.
We focus on our China, but on here, there's a hell of a lot more than meets the eye.
It didn't serve the public interest.
We did not focus on this.
I think you're on call.
I hope you did, I think.
Or is it after you call me?
I think it's better to call me, and maybe I'll call Bo.
No, no, no, I would call Bo.
No, you can call me.
I think we should have a meeting at 10 o'clock.
You don't read the announcements.
Would you get Mr. George for Dr. Kissinger .
Dr. Kissinger this fall.
This is just a game.
The son of a bitch probably isn't going to play our game economically, but I would hit him.
I don't know what he should know.
I'm afraid that if they have a deal on the economy, and this blows, and he might turn the deal, you know, and he goes, he's a vicious son of a bitch.
He'd like to be informed.
I've got to say that the President wants him to know that he's important.
You know, look, I can't tell you what it is, but it involves, at the very highest level, what involves our control.
Thank you.
Oh.
Well, I'm glad you got to do that.
They have every leak there is.
They didn't get the draft of China leak, they didn't get your trip leak.
I was talking to all of them.
We now know anything that's kept with this office and the other two offices.
We kept the China trip, we kept the second China announcement, we kept the first sold announcement, we kept this one.
And all of these have been .
Right.
But we kept all of this totally secret.
And after all, this summit discussion has been going on for a year and a half.
Hello?
Hello, Mr. President.
Mr. Mayor?
Henry Kissinger.
All right.
Okay.
I wanted to call you because at noon today, the President's going to make an announcement on foreign policy.
The President is going to make an announcement at noon today on foreign policy, which we wanted to give you some defense warning of.
And it is that after the meeting in the end of May,
there will be a summit meeting with the Soviet leaders in Moscow.
And the purpose of this is, and I know you are very busy today, but perhaps in the next few days I could come by and give you some sense of the strategy, which is to keep those two in some sort of hand with each other and to try to get a negotiation going that might affect the Middle East and Vietnam and other parts.
No, he's just announcing that it will be... Let me read you the announcement.
May I?
Says the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union and their exchanges during the past year have agreed that immediate agreement would be desirable once sufficient progress has been made in negotiations in the lower levels.
In light of the recent advances in bilateral and nonilateral negotiations involving the two countries,
It has been agreed that such a meeting will take place in Moscow in the latter part of May 1972.
This is 1972.
President Nixon and his Soviet leaders will review all major issues with a view towards further improving their financial relations and enhancing the prospects for the future.
And this is being, of course, a cargo of the movement.
We wanted to do that some time further.
Good, Mr. Meany, I'll call you in the next few days and talk to you further about it.
So, good night.
He didn't seem too upset about it.
He didn't like to know about it.
But it was good that he knew.
Oh, it was good, I expected it.
He might want to know.
That's why we called him on the one.
He was pissed off about it.
Oh, yes, you did call us on the one.
It'll happen.
It'll happen.
Well, anyway, on Meany, Meany knows to our demands that something's going to happen.
Well, his announcement today was the best to put everything to the side, because they said he's the devil himself.
I think what's going to happen is that when I was a little kid, we'd fight somebody, you know, a press corps, and just walk around among them.
They were going to come to the top of the wall and cover us.
Mr. President, we started this in April 1970.
That's the first time I've talked to the Green Party.
Then, nevertheless, you did.
Even though they bid then, you said they can't go to them.
They came back to us next last January.
You nevertheless did the last.
In other words, you've always subordinated the personal interest to the national interest.
I bet if we had done it ours, we would have gotten neither China nor Russia to see it.
It's hard to prove, but that shows that you were tough enough and unpredictable enough.
We had another dread of a chance to breathe.
And we saw a group of them.
The officers were saying, Montoya was passed, we had to sue, we had that.
I know.
Well, you remember on cue, everybody was saying, you know, we're going to do this, we're going to do that.
I'm the survivor, and I'm facing the right group.
I dug up that 60 out of 90 countries.
You know, the U.S. September 16th press conference will go down as one of the most, very, most important.
I understand that you want to report to the Schultz's office.
The Schultz's office is ready to report to you at any time.
I haven't.
I don't.
I don't.
Thank you.
Yes.
Tell Judge Schultz for me.
You're going to get ready for it.
And also, the other important thing to be done.
I can't spend a half hour on your opinion when I'm trying to get this ready.
Thank you.
Well, what I was going to say, and you will say tonight at 6.30, right?
That's all.
And then tomorrow, Thursday, you and I are going to talk.
I've been all Thursday.
I've had some books.
Hello?
Hello?
Yeah.
Right.
Good, good.
And I won't say anything.
Today, if I'm asked, I may not be asked, but, you know, it's a huge trip.
So that's
Yeah.
Did they know you were there?
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
All right, fine.
Now, I'll see you in the rest of the time.
Be by yourself.
Go beyond this.
I don't want you to tell any of that.
I don't want you to tell any of that.
Thank you.
Thank you.
The United States will be the next year's best year in the region.
The United States will be the next year's best year
... ... ... ... ... ...
I suppose the danger being foreseen is that they will come up with an idea of trying to negotiate, in other words, making an offer to us.
I hope that you can lay that out for me.
I don't really think we can have a negotiation with the program.
Sure.
All right, good.
Good job, thank you.
NARA Description
On October 12, 1971, President Richard M. Nixon, Patrick J. Buchanan, Henry A. Kissinger, White House operator, George Meany, Stephen B. Bull, and George P. Shultz met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 9:20 am and 10:04 am. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 288-011 of the White House Tapes.
Nixon Library Finding Aid
Conversation No. 288-11
Date: October 12, 1971
Time: Unknown between 9:20 am and 10:04 am
Location: Executive Office Building
The President met with Patrick J. Buchanan.
Buchanan's memorandum on Economy
-Phase II
-Possible agreement
-George Meany, George P. Shultz, James D. Hodgson
-Pay Board
US foreign relations
-Forthcoming announcement of US-Soviet Union Summit
The President rehearsed an announcement at an unknown time between 9:20 am and 9:40 am.
[A transcript of the final broadcast of this announcement appears in Public Papers of the
Presidents, Richard M. Nixon, 1971, p. 1030]
Use of forthcoming announcement
-Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty [SALT]
-Silos
-The President’s position
-Negotiations
-Anti-ballistic Missiles [ABM]
-Land based missiles
-Multiple Independently-Targeted Reentry Vehicle [MIRVs]
-US position
-Summit
-Chinese
-US-Soviet relations
-Effect of negotiations
-Middle East
-Europe
-Japan
-Announcement
Robert C. Byrd and the Supreme Court
-The President's instructions to Ronald L. Ziegler
-Possible appointment to Supreme Court
-George S. McGovern
-The President's choice for the Supreme Court
-Supreme Court
-Henry M. (“Scoop”) Jackson
-Hubert H. Humphrey
-Mildred L. Lillie
-Ronald W. Reagan
-Appeals Court of California
-Experience
-Earl Warren
-William J. Brennan, Jr.
-Abe Fortas
-William O. Douglas
-Possibility of Jewish appointee
-Civil rights
-Conservatives and democrats
-Jackson
-McGovern
-Byrd
-Richard H. Poff
-Edward M. Kennedy [?]
Lyndon B. Johnson and Dwight D. Eisenhower
-Supreme Court appointees
-Warren
-Brennan
-Potter Stewart
Supreme Court appointment
-Warren E. Burger
-Southerner as appointee
-Stewart
-Rumors
-Woman appointee
-Public opinion
-Compared with gun control
-McGovern
-Lillie
-Record as judge
-Husband
-The President's remark to John N. Mitchell
-Gerald R. Ford
-Byrd
-Senate
-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People [NAACP]
-Senate
-Possible statement
-Timing
Henry A. Kissinger entered and Buchanan left at 9:40 am.
Moscow
-Leaders
US foreign relations
-Announcement of Kissinger's schedule
-Briefing book prepared by Buchanan
-Japan
-Message
-Negotiations
Victor Louis
-News summary
-KGB
-US-Soviet Union
-Vietnam
-Vernon A. Walters
-US proposal on dates
-Andrei A. Gromyko
Vietnam
-Negotiations
-Xuan Thuy
-The President's forthcoming press conference
-Nguyen Van Thieu
-Election victory
-Possible effect
-President’s position
-Air support
-US goals
-Residual military force
-Kissinger’s view
-American combat role
-William P. Rogers
-Melvin R. Laird
-Timing of announcements
-Paris negotiations
-Le Duc Tho
-Possible US announcement
The President's schedule
-Conversation with Buchanan
-Shultz
-Donald H. Rumsfeld
-Supreme Court appointment
-The President’s strategy
-White House staff
-McGovern
-"McGovernment"
-Humphrey
Kissinger's schedule
-Reagan
-Nelson A. Rockefeller
-Reagan
-Jay Lovestone
-Meany
-People's Republic of China [PRC]
-Meany
-Schedule
The President talked with White House operator at an unknown time between 9:40 am and 9:58
am.
[Conversation No. 288-11A]
Request for a call to George Meany
[See Conversation No. 11-52]
[End of telephone conversation]
Meany
-Possible cooperation with administration
-Economy
-Forewarning of announcement
-Arms control
Leaks
Non-leakage of announcements
-PRC trip
-SALT
-Summit
Kissinger talked with George Meany at an unknown time between 9:20 am and 9:58 am.
[Conversation No. 288-11B]
[See Conversation No. 11-53]
[End of telephone conversation]
Meany
-Attitude
-PRC
-Lovestone
The President's announcement, October 12, 1971
-Ziegler
-Press corps
US foreign relations
-Reason for the President's trip to Moscow
-Anatoliy F. Dobrynin
-Kissinger's meeting, April 1970
-Cambodia
-Laos
-Importance
-Thieu
-Rogers
-Previous press conference
Stephen B. Bull entered at an unknown time after 9:40 am.
The President's schedule
-Shultz
Bull left at an unknown time before 9:58 am.
The President talked with White House operator at an unknown time between 9:40 am and 9:58
am.
Request for a call to George P. Shultz
[Conversation No. 288-11C]
[See Conversation No. 11-55]
[End of telephone conversation]
Kissinger's schedule
-Meany
-Dinner with the President, October 12, 1971
-Meeting with the President, October 14, 1971
The President talked with George P. Shultz between 9:58 am and 10:04 am.
[Conversation No. 288-11D]
[See Conversation No. 11-55]
Kissinger left at an unknown time before 10:04 am.
[End of telephone conversation]
Also recorded on October 12, 1971
011-050 8:46 AM · 10 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 8:46 am and 9:19 am.
288-008 8:46 AM · 23 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and John D. Ehrlichman met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 8:46 am and 9:19 am.
288-009 8:46 AM · 10 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 8:46 am and 9:19 am.
011-051 9:19 AM · 41 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Patrick J. Buchanan talked on the telephone from 9:19 am to 9:20 am.
288-010 9:19 AM · 48 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Patrick J. Buchanan met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building from 9:19 am to 9:20 am.
011-052 9:20 AM · 21 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 9:20 am and 9:58 am.
011-053 9:20 AM · 2 min — Henry A. Kissinger and George Meany talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 9:20 am and 9:58 am.
011-054 9:20 AM · 9 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and the White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 9:20 am and 9:58 am.
Conversation 288-011, October 12, 1971. White House Tapes, Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives. Audio and AI transcript via Easy Nixon, https://www.easynixon.org/tapes/288-011 (accessed October 24, 2026).