Nixon White House TapesTape 451 › Conversation 451-024

Nixon, Butterfield & Haldeman on Public Relations and Speechwriting

Thursday, February 18, 1971 · 6:40 PM–7:27 PM ET · Oval Office

ParticipantsNixon, Richard M. (President);  Butterfield, Alexander P.;  Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob");  Ziegler, Ronald L.Conversation451-024 onTape 451 (tape position 04:57:13–05:40:17)StartThursday, February 18, 1971 at 6:40 PMEndThursday, February 18, 1971 at 7:27 PMRecording deviceOval OfficeSourceNixon Library record for 451-024 ↗

President Nixon met with H. R. Haldeman, Alexander Butterfield, and Ron Ziegler to strategize on public relations, specifically focusing on the delivery and impact of the President's upcoming speeches, including an address at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. The participants discussed the efficacy of shorter, anecdote-driven speeches over traditional policy-heavy addresses to better appeal to television audiences and improve press coverage. Nixon and his advisors also debated the best tactics for handling press conferences and managing the President's public image to ensure his messaging remained distinct from partisan political bickering.

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4:57:13Because the alternative to you in 1960 was not a liberal Democrat, but a Wallace or a Reagan.
4:57:16And I think if this country is that alive, it will not be from the left.
4:57:21The left will start it, but the right will take it over.
4:57:28What I think we can do, what I would recommend to the president in our gang plan is
4:57:59If we get through, then it is a development much of protection than about September.
4:58:05I'm close to the election.
4:58:07I am for a meeting that we don't go.
4:58:10Then happy October 15th, and look, we're willing to give you a fixed deadline.
4:58:14Of course, we're strong next year for the release of all Christmas and disease files.
4:58:21What we can then talk about is a year without war to build up.
4:58:32You should be able to get a hell of a chance.
4:58:39You know, I think that may take some time.
4:58:41It's too early, because as I said, we're planning to start in the mid, but after a few events, I think you might be able to do it.
4:59:00I'm sorry.
5:00:08See, we didn't understand it, but, uh, some of the questions are coming up.
5:00:14Uh, I don't know if you can hear me or not, but I think that this is going to be a big deal.
5:00:26I'm not worried about all of that.
5:00:29I don't know if you can see this, but I certainly think that this is going to be a big deal.
5:02:46One, two, three, four, five, six,
5:03:32He's going to be in there for all this.
5:03:39I don't want to bring people out.
5:03:45I just want him to be able to bring people up.
5:04:58Thank you for listening on the show.
5:05:29Residual to residual.
5:05:30Maybe residual if you can.
5:05:31And we saw the bird.
5:05:32I can see those on the screen.
5:05:33And this is going to be a very heavy booby.
5:05:34Operating around the scion like that.
5:05:35Defeated the tank down there.
5:05:36That's the thing.
5:05:36You might want to see.
5:06:09No, this, I'm just talking about the energy energy.
5:06:11You can eat dinner and you can hang out.
5:06:13But you just sat in a chair.
5:06:15And I thought all of you all had to, have to, have all of you all had to sign down for the next meeting.
5:06:20And, you know, here's, uh, here's, uh, here's, uh, here's, uh, here's, uh, here's, uh, here's, uh, here's, uh,
5:06:50I don't know what he is doing here.
5:06:51I don't know what he is doing here.
5:06:52I don't know what he is doing here.
5:06:53I don't know what he is doing here.
5:07:33He's got a little problem.
5:07:35He needs to get out of that absolutely incredible weather.
5:07:38He's a rebel.
5:07:38He's got a little problem.
5:07:40I'm going to get him.
5:07:52I don't know.
5:07:53I don't know.
5:08:25Yeah.
5:08:25Yeah.
5:08:25Yeah.
5:09:35All right.
5:10:00Yeah.
5:10:00Yeah.
5:10:00Yeah.
5:10:27You said it's the best thing you've ever made, to do it again.
5:10:33You know, it's the kind of thing that would grab a guy who had a 12-13.
5:10:38That's right.
5:10:38You're pointing at it in a totally different kind of way in a sense than you've done it before.
5:10:51If your attendance was the best part of it, it would go ten minutes.
5:10:57You've got to remember, that firecrackers might not be able to help you.
5:11:00Of course, this is a very important part of the mission.
5:11:03You've got to be a little quiet there.
5:11:04Don't stare.
5:11:05Tighten it.
5:11:05Tighten it down briefly.
5:11:06Yeah.
5:11:06But you've got to think, this is good.
5:11:08It's a great feeling.
5:11:09You've got to walk along.
5:11:10You've got to be careful.
5:11:11You've got to walk along.
5:11:13It's better than hanging on to something.
5:11:15You've got to sleep tight.
5:11:16You've got to be nice and even.
5:11:33But if they can just get to, you know, recurring something, first they'll do a better job.
5:11:41I mean, you saw the first time I was around here, you know, I had about five or ten of those things.
5:11:52The hostess said, well, it's like, it's great gold, you know.
5:12:00You've got to have one single thing that happens to my men in the registry.
5:12:05The other thing, the one thing they did is keep it on.
5:12:06Keep it on.
5:12:07And that's all.
5:12:08They're never going to remember about it.
5:12:09They will never remember when it comes.
5:12:12The other thing would have just ruined it somehow.
5:12:17You've got a lot more clothes.
5:12:23I mean, that's what, I guess that's, you know, what the writers, they don't want to prove they're smart.
5:12:26They just want to do the best they can.
5:12:32But I agree that that is very effective talk.
5:12:33And if you had any kind of affair with the press, they didn't put the whole damn thing on television.
5:12:39They really would.
5:12:40They would take that, just say this is a very moving moment, and we'll start it alone.
5:13:03I know I read about how you try to sell everything, but you can't sell everything.
5:13:06And you guys, I'm like a little prayer right this thing, or something like this.
5:13:10And you go around, I'll get you ready tomorrow, and we'll see you around.
5:13:13I don't know.
5:13:16Maybe we did.
5:13:17Maybe we didn't.
5:13:18Maybe it doesn't mean it's true.
5:13:21I don't think we're sick of it, too.
5:13:24I'll give it a shot at this one.
5:13:25To see if we can share some reaction that would get it on TV if it didn't get it on TV.
5:13:33How can you get off on a bus?
5:13:34I didn't tell you.
5:13:34They can go back and say they've been running lots of debates, you know, or, you know, one of these evenings, wrap up, you know, do something like that.
5:13:41Not as a dissent, but as, you know, sort of a high-competitive kind of thing, speaking to the liberals and the Institute.
5:13:48We've got all the non-partisanness in everything here, so it's not, you know, nobody can get into the political thing or equal time or anything like that on it.
5:14:03It's a, it's a little sort of a genotype.
5:14:13Making the point that...
5:14:15I think the records are good.
5:14:16More on the scientific work, so let me get out of the fire.
5:14:20I don't know if he's loving it or something.
5:14:22I don't know.
5:14:23Keep getting out of it.
5:14:33You can do it better than a Sapphire than any
5:15:03There's your mark.
5:15:04Ray didn't do anything like that.
5:15:06He made himself do it.
5:15:07He won't disappoint us.
5:15:09He really doesn't.
5:15:12You see, he's not very disciplined in something that he did.
5:15:16He just said, if I ever wanted to do something, he'd cut it right down to what I said.
5:15:20And Ray does not do that.
5:15:21He'll still come back to me.
5:15:29Thanks a lot.
5:15:30Thanks a lot.
5:16:21Very well, that means that you're going to Q&A and see if they're really sure that you're going to open it.
5:16:26I didn't find that.
5:16:27I told you to.
5:16:27And we were saying how they could answer what was offered.
5:16:33If you want to ask those questions, there's a lot of them here.
5:16:36Start off federally.
5:16:36If I ever do an interview, I'm going to say, oh, they don't know how to do it.
5:16:38They don't know how to do it.
5:17:24He's really honest.
5:17:51He's part of the insider group and everything.
5:17:56Let him be.
5:17:56Just give it a go out.
5:17:58Your guys will be right.
5:18:00You've got to have an outsider.
5:18:03The insiders can't do it.
5:18:06It's embarrassing to them.
5:18:07There's nothing wrong with that stuff.
5:18:10We've got to be able to do it.
5:18:12Other insiders do it.
5:18:14But that's...
5:18:15I think you can figure it out.
5:18:18That's our...
5:18:24It's got yellow sails on it.
5:18:31He waves his arms and pours it on me.
5:18:33And he says, I'm not going to be hurt or something.
5:18:39I got it.
5:18:41I'm not going to be in pain.
5:18:43I'm not going to be hurt.
5:18:44I'm not going to be in pain.
5:18:45I just don't like it.
5:18:46I'm not going to be hurt.
5:18:47I'm not going to be hurt.
5:18:49I'm not going to be hurt.
5:18:54He doesn't have good people.
5:18:57He doesn't have a good people.
5:19:02He doesn't have a good people.
5:19:09He doesn't have a good people.
5:19:25I think he does have a lot of drive.
5:19:31I don't think he's got it.
5:19:34I don't think he'll be fine.
5:19:39You're right.
5:19:40I don't want to hurt too hard.
5:19:41I want to see what's going to happen.
5:19:43You're right.
5:19:44He doesn't...
5:19:50Well, I guess it's part of our problem.
5:20:17I also wrote it in the G line.
5:20:43He had to clean up the screen.
5:20:45He had to switch up.
5:20:49He had to switch up.
5:20:51Clothes are fine.
5:20:53You know, once I'm eating, I eat everything.
5:20:57And therefore, all we have is no one other.
5:20:59We all love each other.
5:21:00And that's why we wrote it.
5:21:01You know, it's a lot of very frantic stuff in there.
5:21:04And then I had to keep on.
5:21:07I said, if we truly love each other, we can have everything without eating each other.
5:21:15That is, if you do that, if you do that set up, you currently know that you're going to have to stop eating cabbage or something, and that's what the work is.
5:21:25You're already eating it.
5:21:26Yes, I'm in a press conference, and I agree to my race.
5:21:38I don't think that's a problem.
5:21:39I think that's a good thing.
5:21:52Yeah.
5:21:53Yeah.
5:21:55Yeah.
5:21:57Yeah.
5:22:18I've got to tell you about it.
5:22:19The whole business here.
5:22:20Most people would agree that most protective preservers in the United States are very impressive.
5:22:29So I can't really do the press conference better than anybody has done it.
5:22:36I don't want to get us all russified.
5:22:39I'm just going to throw me around on the mean square for a second.
5:22:45And I do the wrong.
5:22:47and his narcissistic ease.
5:22:53The pros, no, no, we're satisfied.
5:22:57It's just, it is the competition that we've got to use.
5:23:02It's a good record.
5:23:03It's a good record for it.
5:23:04It's not just a gross number, it's just a few of them that you remember.
5:23:07It goes to tell a lot of us that we're, that we're not easy.
5:23:10Even as a six-year-old, you know how long we waited without a band-aid on.
5:23:12It's not, they were good jobs.
5:23:13The ability to handle questions and stuff.
5:23:15It is just a question of how am I handling them?
5:23:17How am I going to work on this stuff?
5:23:19You know what I mean?
5:23:23The bill didn't handle it as big as it is, being able to be hard-hitting or defecting, and so forth and so on.
5:23:29I guess we just ought to use it a little more.
5:23:32I don't know if they can accept it apart from other people.
5:23:34I've been asked a lot.
5:23:35You've got to emphasize your advantages.
5:23:36Advantage is for other people who go on and on and on.
5:23:39See, and then people will start comparing, and then they will do a few more.
5:23:47That's good.
5:23:47The more you do it, the more forces that you should do.
5:23:50That's what I was going to say.
5:23:51I'll do it as well.
5:24:03Yeah, you're right.
5:24:04I'm coming.
5:24:06Peace and light.
5:24:19And it makes a difference.
5:24:22And it makes a difference.
5:24:24And those things he knew that I could evolve in my life.
5:24:26Like last time, he was thinking a little talk.
5:24:29He was loving it.
5:24:29He was like, I didn't do the talk next time.
5:24:34I don't want to hurt guys.
5:24:36I can use it.
5:24:38I'm going to use it for the whole thing.
5:24:45I think some of the things prepared for you today is a little, a little story about three, three cars about to get on the fire.
5:25:03You're not sure.
5:25:05Just your head's been tired.
5:25:06Yeah, man.
5:25:07It's in your head.
5:25:07You're not sure.
5:25:07You're not sure.
5:25:08You're not sure.
5:25:09You're not sure.
5:25:09You're not sure.
5:25:09You're not sure.
5:25:10You're not sure.
5:25:10You're not sure.
5:25:13I said, you know, it's not a lot of trouble, but it's not going to be easy.
5:25:17So I'm getting more thought out.
5:25:18He was just having a base speech in L.A.
5:25:20The link is there.
5:25:21And Ward said to him, let me make a suggestion to you.
5:25:24Make the whole speech hand-in-toe.
5:25:27Just tell a few stories about the president and let it go at that.
5:25:32And John said, I can't do that.
5:25:33This is a very serious move and all this, you know.
5:25:37And besides last year and running, he bombed out.
5:25:39And I said, as a political speaker, I've got to do it right.
5:25:44And I was there last year.
5:25:45I know, right?
5:25:46He bombed out.
5:25:46I know why.
5:25:47And I'm also telling you, you'll do better if you just help up the story, whatever I can do.
5:25:50I'll try to do it.
5:25:52But I received what John took as advice and did it.
5:25:56And we'll just have to think back on the things about the president.
5:26:01and uh, got a tremendous amount of money, apparently, and uh, somebody up to over the head of CSUN Business School Association in April, the head of that, came up and said, after that I heard you said, we could give you exactly the same kind of speech.
5:26:12There's so much more to it than giving you the same kind of speech and stuff.
5:26:25Yeah, I told the other people, I just need all of them to be that way.
5:26:33Yeah, I'm sorry.
5:26:34It was last night.
5:26:36Hello?
5:26:36You know, I said I had a story about my mother and my father, I think.
5:26:45And I said, we'll forget virtually everything.
5:26:48I said, you have to tell us.
5:26:50We need to remember that story.
5:26:52Your mother moved to us.
5:26:53But I know that you were her mother.
5:26:54And how long after that?
5:26:56Because you're covering it, so it's my mother's loss.
5:27:03I've said it, it's been in books, everything else, you know.
5:27:05When they prepared them, then it turned out that they were reading all these men and angels and so forth.
5:27:11They'll find wives and find wives and miracles and put them out there.
5:27:16And these things all go back to the story.
5:27:20It tells a lot of other things about human beings.
5:27:23See, I'm illicit.
5:27:24I've been sick for years of age.
5:27:25People are interested in spending their time in my home.
5:27:28They're talking about brothers and sisters.
5:27:29I'm talking about all of them.
5:27:41He was crying.
5:27:45He had to leave.
5:27:46He said, all that happened.
5:27:47I don't like concrete.
5:27:48It's not going to hold us around.
5:27:51Everything is all done with a little bit of something.
5:27:58He said afterwards, this is the best we've ever used.
5:28:02And I'm very impressed.
5:28:03Richard is just a big, big, pretty cool guy.
5:28:09He said,
5:28:14Yeah, I think a lot of people may be in here.
5:28:17The hiking is good, yeah, and it's good.
5:28:20It's a different one.
5:28:21So you hear, you see those things over in Grand Pagos every place.
5:28:28This is a different one.
5:28:31It's not good.
5:28:33It's good.
5:28:34This is the best.
5:28:35I think it's good.
5:28:35Did you conquer one of this?
5:28:38I guess so.
5:28:46The, uh, the, uh, the, uh, the, uh, the, uh, the, uh, the,
5:29:12That's what happened.
5:29:13Looks like a President Spears robot.
5:29:15There's not a senator in the United States.
5:29:17So...
5:29:17I mean, we, uh... Like, this, uh... You ain't been here for a long time, right?
5:29:28Y'all, they did it.
5:29:32I mean, they had to blow it up.
5:29:33They didn't have to go into the field last weekend.
5:29:36They're gonna do it this weekend.
5:29:41She's a pregnant toad.
5:29:42I expect her to party with us, too.
5:29:43Now hold on to the line.
5:29:44I think they pulled them off because they used... You know, they run their commercial poles in between these two things.
5:29:50They bring the pole and it will lift up.
5:29:52I miss her.
5:29:52But they do go to her house most of the time.
5:29:58I'll tell you about her.
5:30:02She was, uh, great.
5:30:05She's a congressman.
5:30:05Her job is to visit the public.
5:30:06I don't know how to call her a congressman.
5:30:12Carhartt's testing has been a brilliant job.
5:30:13He's going to win.
5:30:31We're having a little break on this for Christ's sake.
5:30:36We've got a little bit of a, you know, a bunch of fingers like the nose.
5:30:41It's just not that sharp.
5:30:44It's in the body.
5:30:45It's a little, you know, I just think we've got to, like I said, let's bring them out.
5:30:50You know, if they don't, if they don't let you go, you've got to put it, you've got to put it down.
5:30:53I'll try.
5:31:03We're all, we're all, we're all, we're all, we're all, we're all, we're all, we're all,
5:31:32And, uh, if you hit us like this, we're not gonna hit you.
5:31:36Our, we, our press history has been, has been, has been, has been, has been, has been, has been, has been, has been, has been, has been, has been, has been, has been, has been, has been,
5:32:10Oh, I love that song.
5:32:20I think it's right.
5:32:56All right.
5:32:58All right.
5:33:35than she is.
5:33:36She worked in the acting, you know, so I thought we'd get her in the off day here.
5:33:44And he seems like he's smart as hell in the cranky.
5:33:47And I mean, I don't have him running, he's literal, but he is not as good as, as far as everybody, you know, has direct predictions, I don't know, I just don't like to get involved in any kind of fighting.
5:33:57All right guys, I tend to think of things in terms of politics,
5:34:08That's true.
5:34:09The thing about this game is that you're not actually going to think that you're always fighting that fighter.
5:34:14But on the top of our heads here, I hope that, well, we've got to be nice here, brother.
5:34:18I've worked with your doctors over a hundred years.
5:34:20Yeah.
5:34:42He's, you know, he's, he's, uh, he's a little overwhelmed, you know, because he's trying to get himself, you know, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh.
5:36:57And I miss him.
5:36:58I miss Peter.
5:36:58But that's not a reaction.
5:37:01That's a state of mind.
5:37:03That's great.
5:37:03That's great.
5:37:05That's great.
5:37:05I know.
5:37:06I know.
5:37:06I know.
5:37:06I know.
5:37:06I know.
5:37:23They all said that you, they thought you were exchanging personal feelings of knowledge and I was the slowest.
5:37:29But I just, they kind of said, well, there's nothing to do with my mother.
5:37:31I'm trying to get out of here.
5:37:32And they said, man, and it's not very interesting.
5:37:34They said, they said that it was a great necessity of the president.
5:37:38So there was not a line in there that the president gave that would even engulf any political connotations.
5:37:47to just express what they feel, sort of, your feelings about.
5:37:55And the reaction to the rain down there from all of it, is kind of a condense effect into the rest of it.
5:38:00The rain appears in the distance, and you don't have just a case of rain.
5:38:05So, is there any way that we could, obviously, that we could get to see, yes or no, there's not a demand thing,
5:38:15Well, if you get a couple over, you'll have a little bit of trouble.
5:38:17If you get a little bit of trouble, you'll have a little bit of trouble.
5:38:19If you get a little bit of trouble, you'll have a little bit of trouble.
5:38:21If you get a little bit of trouble, you'll have a little bit of trouble.
5:38:23If you get a little bit of trouble, you'll have a little bit of trouble.
5:38:25If you get a little bit of trouble, you'll have a little bit of trouble.
5:38:59Mr. President, introducing the President.
5:39:01We are here to listen, and are going to report on our call to the election, and then of course, going on to talk about his father, and talk about my mother, which is good, and then what the Wilson's legacy really is, and here are these students.
5:39:15Although you are not suggesting what Sarah put in.
5:39:18No, not Sarah.
5:39:25The fourth president has dismissed his dad and I've been here all along.
5:39:28Do you notice?
5:39:31Lincoln, Rutherford, Higley, Calvin, Coney, Haysfield, I can just say that I, I mean, I heard, uh, well, uh, I don't know if you, uh, if you, uh, if you, uh, if you, uh, if you, uh, if you, uh, if you, uh, if you, uh, if you, uh, if you, uh, if you, uh,
5:39:59This is the best signing of my father's, grandfather's, dream, ideal, if you've ever heard.
5:40:07I'm going to start the night setting in the 3D copy of Edison.

On February 18, 1971, President Richard M. Nixon, Alexander P. Butterfield, H. R. ("Bob") Haldeman, and Ronald L. Ziegler met in the Oval Office of the White House from 6:40 pm to 7:27 pm. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 451-024 of the White House Tapes.

Conversation No. 451-24

Date: February 18, 1971
Time: 6:40 pm - 7:27 pm
Location: Oval Office

The President met with Alexander P. Butterfield

     Schedule
          -Henry Salvatori
          -Unknown Lieutenant Governor

H. R. (“Bob”) Haldeman entered at 6:45 pm

           -State dinner
                 -Entertainment
                 -Guests

     Letters to be signed
     Schedule for 2/19

Butterfield left at 6:50 pm

     [Thomas] Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars speech
         -Coverage of the President’s speech
              -Washington, DC press
         -Dean Francis B. Sayre’s comments
         -Length
              -William L. Safire

     Public relations
          -Speeches
                 -Benefits of short speeches
                       -Television
                 -Richard A. Moore
                       -Role
                 -Ziegler
                 -Television
                       -Wilson Center speech
                 -Alvin Snyder
                 -Herbert G. Klein
                 -Safire
                 -Raymond K. Price, Jr.

                 -Columbia Broadcasting System [CBS]
           -John D. Ehrlichman
           -George P. Shultz
           -Peter M. Flanigan
           -John N. Mitchell
           -Peter G. Peterson and Ehrlichman
                 -Efforts
                 -Importance
                 -Role
           -Speech revision
           -State of Union speech
           -Press conferences
                 -The President’s handling
                 -Franklin D. Roosevelt’s handling
                 -Safire and Leonard Garment [?]
                 -Preparation
           -Connally
           -Press conference preparation
           -Moore’s advice
                 -Speech content
                 -Anecdotes

Butterfield entered at 7:20 pm

           -Speech material
                -Politics and the Presidency
                -President’s parents

Ziegler entered at 7:21 pm

     Schedule
          -Dwight L. Chapin

     White House State dinner
          -Entertainment

******************************************************************************

[Previous PRMPA Privacy (D) reviewed under PRMPA regulations 08/14/2019. Segment
cleared for release.]

[Privacy]
[451-024-w001]
[Duration: 3s]

       White House State dinner
             -Emilio Colombo

******************************************************************************

     White House State dinner
          -Schedule

     Dwight D. Eisenhower’s speeches

     Lyndon B. Johnson’s domestic policy
         -Compared to John F. Kennedy
         -Democrats
               -Daniel P. (“Pat”) Moynihan
               -President’s policy

******************************************************************************

[Previous archivists categorized this section as unintelligible. It has been rereviewed and
released 08/07/2019.]
[Unintelligible]
[451-024-w002]
[Duration: 1m 33s]

       Speech at Wilson Center
             -Unknown member of Congress
                     -Teacher at university

******************************************************************************

     Speech at Wilson Center
          -Ziegler’s analysis
               -Press comments
          -Dissemination
               -Educational television

                -Schools
           -Content
           -Public relations
                -Haldeman’s comments
                -White House efforts
                       -President’s instructions
  • 451-016 3:40 PM · 20 sec — United States Secret Service agents met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 3:40 pm and 3:52 pm.
  • 451-017 3:40 PM · 37 sec — unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 3:40 pm and 3:52 pm.
  • 451-018 3:52 PM · 5 min — President Richard M. Nixon and Mark I. Goode met in the Oval Office of the White House from 3:52 pm to 3:55 pm.
  • 451-019 3:55 PM · 1 hr 1 min — President Richard M. Nixon, John D. Ehrlichman, George P. Shultz, and H. R. ("Bob") Haldeman met in the Oval Office of the White House from 3:55 pm to 4:52 pm.
  • 451-020 5:10 PM · 34 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Alexander P. Butterfield met in the Oval Office of the White House from 5:10 pm to 5:14 pm.
  • 451-021 5:14 PM · 3 min — President Richard M. Nixon met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 5:14 pm and 5:25 pm.
  • 451-022 5:14 PM · 35 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Stephen B. Bull met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 5:14 pm and 5:25 pm.
  • 451-023 6:16 PM · 21 min — President Richard M. Nixon and Henry A. Kissinger met in the Oval Office of the White House from 6:16 pm to 6:37 pm.

Conversation 451-024, February 18, 1971. White House Tapes, Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives. Audio and AI transcript via Easy Nixon, https://www.easynixon.org/tapes/451-024 (accessed September 18, 2026).