Nixon White House Tapes › Tape 439 › Conversation 439-036
Nixon & Ziegler on Watergate and White House press relations
Wednesday, May 23, 1973 · 1:43 PM–2:15 PM ET · Old Executive Office Building · 28 min
AI Summary
President Nixon and Press Secretary Ronald Ziegler met to strategize on managing the ongoing Watergate scandal and the increasingly hostile press corps. They discussed refining the administration's public messaging regarding national security, the CIA's potential involvement in the Watergate break-in, and the President's awareness of these events. The conversation focused on preparing for upcoming press briefings and potential presidential appearances to shift the narrative and defend the administration against mounting political pressure.
Audio
Transcript (AI-generated)
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NARA Description
On May 23, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Ronald L. Ziegler met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building from 1:43 pm to 2:15 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 439-036 of the White House Tapes.
Nixon Library Finding Aid
Conversation No. 439-36
Date: May 23, 1973
Time: 1:43 pm - 2:15 pm
Location: Old Executive Office Building
President met with Ronald L. Ziegler.
Ziegler’s press briefing
-Length
-Thomas Hart’s opinion
Refreshment
Watergate
-Ziegler’s previous press briefing
-National security
-Hugh Scott
-Statement
-Central Intelligence Agency [CIA]
-Domestic intelligence
-Ziegler’s previous press briefing
-CIA
-President’s knowledge of Watergate involvement
-John W. Dean III
-Timing
-Lt. Gen. Vernon A. Walters’ memorandum of conversation [memcons]
-John J. (“Jack”) Caulfield
-Scott’s statement
-Ziegler’s previous press briefing
-Henry A. Kissinger
-Spiro T. Agnew’s statement
-John B. Anderson’s statement
-Egil (“Bud”) Krogh, Jr.
-President’s knowledge of Daniel Ellsberg break-in
-27-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Conversation 439-36 (cont’d)
-Leonard Garment
-Press briefing, May 24
-Ziegler
-Gerald L. Warren
-Ziegler’s previous press briefing
President’s schedule
-Possible press conference
-Timing
-Location
Watergate
-Caulfield’s scheduled testimony before the Senate, May 23
-Scott’s statement, May 23
Press relations
-Gerald R. Ford’s statement, May 23
-Congressional votes
-House of Representatives
-President’s veto
-Senate
-Presidential leadership
-Question to Scott and Ford
-President’s possible resignation
-Courtney Sheldon [?]
-Liberalism
-President’s possible resignation
-Discussion by determining body
-Ziegler’s press briefing, May 22
-Press attitude toward President
-Prisoners of War [POW] Day
-George H. W. Bush’s conversation with Martin J. Schram
-Press attitude toward President
-Hostility
-Attitude toward President
-Compared with attitude toward the statement
-White House response
-28-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Conversation 439-36 (cont’d)
-Effectiveness of President’s press conferences
-Anger of press
-President’s response
-White House press corps
-Ziegler’s impression of support
-President’s possible press conference
-Timing
Kissinger’s possible press briefing
-Paris peace talks
-Ziegler’s conversation with Haig
-Content
-National security
Watergate
-White House response
-National security
-George H. W. Bush’s view
-Ziegler’s previous press briefing
-Ziegler’s previous press briefing
-Wiretaps on newsmen
-Confidentiality in foreign affairs
-United States-Soviet negotiations, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
[SALT], Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction [MBFR] and Vietnam
War
-White House response
-Domestic intelligence
-Scott
-Ellsberg case
Possible declassification
-Bay of Pigs
-Ngo Dinh Diem’s death
Press briefing, May 24
-Length
-POW Day
-29-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Conversation 439-36 (cont’d)
President’s schedule
-Julie Nixon Eisenhower’s recommendation on Florida
-Camp David
Watergate
-White House response
-Ervin Committee hearings
-H. R. (“Bob”) Haldeman and Ehrlichman
-Dean
-Possible immunity
-Conversation with President regarding activities
-Caulfield
-Clemency
-Role of Haldeman and Ehrlichman
-Charles W. Colson
-White House response
-Public mood
President’s schedule
-Trip to Iceland
Watergate
-Ervin Committee
-Schedule
-Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.
-Appointment
-$65,000 in campaign funds
-Haldeman
Press relations
-Briefings
President’s schedule
-POW Day
-Meeting with State Whips
-Blair House
-30-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Conversation 439-36 (cont’d)
-White House
-Press coverage
Haig
Ziegler left at 2:15 pm.Also recorded on May 23, 1973
- 046-169 1:00 PM · 13 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 1:00 pm and 1:19 pm.
- 439-032 1:00 PM · 11 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 1:00 pm and 1:19 pm.
- 046-170 1:19 PM · 48 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Stephen B. Bull talked on the telephone from 1:19 pm to 1:20 pm.
- 439-035 1:19 PM · 46 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Stephen B. Bull met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building from 1:19 pm to 1:20 pm.
- 439-037 2:15 PM · 10 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 2:15 pm and 3:27 pm.
- 439-038 2:15 PM · 23 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 2:15 pm and 3:27 pm.
- 439-039 2:15 PM · 1 min — President Richard M. Nixon and Alexander M. Haig, Jr. met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 2:15 pm and 3:27 pm.
- 439-040 2:15 PM · 25 sec — President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 2:15 pm and 3:27 pm.
Cite this conversation
Conversation 439-036, May 23, 1973. White House Tapes, Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives. Audio and AI transcript via Easy Nixon, https://www.easynixon.org/tapes/439-036 (accessed October 12, 2026).