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Richard M. Nixon

Catalogued by the National Archives as “Nixon, Richard M. (President)”

Richard M. Nixon served as the 37th President of the United States from January 1969 until his resignation in August 1974. In February 1971, he ordered the installation of a secret voice-activated taping system in the White House to preserve a historical record of his administration. Until the system's existence was revealed and dismantled in July 1973, the tapes captured Nixon directing major foreign policy initiatives, such as the opening to China, as well as his central role in the Watergate cover-up.

President of the United States (January 1969 – August 1974)

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Nixon, Richard M. (President)

White House operations 4,654Presidential scheduling 4,037Presidential communication 2,299Public relations 1,746Vietnam War 1,719Logistics 1,631Manolo Sanchez 1,592White House communications 1,427White House administration 1,358Henry Kissinger 1,313Foreign Policy 1,160Camp David 1,101

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April 19, 1973

On April 19, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 9:32 pm and 9:37 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-125 of the White House Tapes.

April 19, 1973

On April 19, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 9:32 pm and 9:37 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 429-023 of the White House Tapes.

April 19, 1973 · with Haldeman

President Nixon and H. R. Haldeman discuss the deteriorating legal and political situation surrounding the Watergate investigation, specifically focusing on John Dean's recent behavior and potential to implicate senior White House staff. They address reports of undisclosed evidence—specifically cartons of material removed from E. Howard Hunt's safe—and analyze the risks of public statements by the White House. To manage the crisis, Nixon decides to address his Cabinet the following day by emphasizing a commitment to a transparent investigation without offering specific endorsements of individual aides, while opting to retreat to Camp David to avoid media scrutiny during the Easter weekend.

April 19, 1973 · with Haldeman

President Nixon and H.R. Haldeman discuss the management of developing Watergate-related narratives and the handling of sensitive materials allegedly removed from the White House. The conversation focuses on legal strategy and the risks associated with public stories, ultimately advising that they allow the narrative to play out without direct intervention. The exchange highlights the administration's efforts to contain damaging information while navigating uncertainty regarding the actions of their legal team and associates.

April 19, 1973

On April 19, 1973, White House operator and President Richard M. Nixon talked on the telephone at 9:54 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-127 of the White House Tapes.

April 19, 1973

On April 19, 1973, White House operator and President Richard M. Nixon met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at 9:54 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 429-025 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973 · with Haldeman

President Nixon and H. R. Haldeman met to coordinate their strategy for navigating the escalating Watergate scandal and the mounting pressure from ongoing investigations. They discussed the complexities of potential hush money payments, attempting to frame them as legitimate legal defense aid while distancing themselves from the unauthorized activities of subordinates like John Dean and Jeb Magruder. The President expressed a desire to develop a public narrative to address the controversy, emphasizing that he had been misled by false reports from his own staff.

123-002Tape 1231 hr 57 min

April 20, 1973 · with Cabinet officers, Casey & Shultz

President Nixon met with his Cabinet and key staff to coordinate messaging and strategy on pressing administration priorities, specifically energy policy, economic inflation, and the ongoing Watergate investigations. Nixon urged his officials to actively support the administration's legislative agenda, particularly in the face of rising economic concerns and energy supply challenges. He emphasized the necessity of a unified, firm stance against political pressure, framing the current crises as manageable problems rather than catastrophic failures. Additionally, Nixon underscored his commitment to a thorough investigation into Watergate, stressing the need to maintain public order and confidence while the legal process unfolded.

April 20, 1973

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 8:39 am and 10:36 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 903-002 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 8:39 am and 10:36 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 903-003 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973 · with Bush & Bull

President Nixon met with George H. W. Bush to discuss the transition of Robert Finch out of his current role and into a potential Senate candidacy, as well as coordination efforts regarding Ronald Reagan and California gubernatorial politics. The conversation subsequently pivoted to the Watergate scandal and its impact on the administration's relationship with Congress. Nixon emphasized the necessity of handling ongoing investigations through the Grand Jury process rather than congressional committees, while they addressed the potential legal exposure of campaign staff members like Kenneth Rietz and Jeb Magruder.

April 20, 1973

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 10:57 am and 11:07 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 903-005 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973 · with Haldeman

President Nixon and H.R. Haldeman discuss the deteriorating political situation surrounding the Watergate scandal and the mounting pressure on the White House to provide accountability. They assess the reliability of various witnesses and the potential for John Dean and Jeb Magruder to shift blame toward higher-level officials, including Haldeman. The two men also evaluate potential legal and public relations strategies, specifically focusing on how to maintain a credible posture regarding national security while managing the risk of further disclosures.

April 20, 1973

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 11:23 am and 11:32 am. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-128 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 11:23 am and 11:32 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 903-007 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 11:23 am and 11:32 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 903-008 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 11:23 am and 11:32 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 903-009 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973 · with Bull

President Nixon met with Stephen B. Bull in the Oval Office to discuss administrative logistics regarding the President’s personal schedule and the management of his briefcase. The discussion centered on the handling of specific folders and the removal of sensitive materials from his briefcase. The interaction concluded with the President emphasizing the need for Bull's presence at an upcoming presentation.

April 20, 1973 · with Petersen

President Nixon and Assistant Attorney General Henry E. Petersen discuss the logistical challenges and procedural status of the ongoing Watergate grand jury investigation. Nixon encourages accelerating the investigation while Petersen explains the complexities of witness coordination and ongoing negotiations with John W. Dean III. The two also address the status of Jeb Stuart Magruder’s resignation from the Commerce Department and Nixon’s insistence that his administration must provide full cooperation with the prosecutors.

April 20, 1973 · with Petersen

President Nixon met with Assistant Attorney General Henry E. Petersen to discuss the ongoing investigation into the Watergate scandal and legal concerns surrounding White House Counsel John Dean. Nixon urged Petersen to accelerate the investigation to counter negative public leaks and emphasized the need to distinguish between Dean’s official work product and his potential personal liability as an activist. The President reiterated that he would not grant executive privilege regarding Dean’s activities, except for private presidential communications, while expressing his intent to maintain distance from the investigation to allow Petersen full operational independence.

April 20, 1973

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 11:40 am and 11:43 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 903-012 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973 · with Sanchez

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 11:40 am and 11:43 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 903-013 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973 · with Kissinger

President Nixon and Henry Kissinger met to discuss international affairs and the unfolding Watergate crisis. The pair reviewed Kissinger’s upcoming speaking engagements, European trip preparations, and contingency military options for Vietnam, including potential bombing campaigns. Regarding Watergate, they deliberated on the political necessity of maintaining a unified administration response, the potential departures of high-level staff like H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, and the challenge of managing the crisis while preserving the presidency. Nixon emphasized his commitment to a thorough internal investigation, framing it as a standard of integrity superior to previous administrations.

April 20, 1973

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 12:02 pm and 12:04 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-130 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 12:02 pm and 12:04 pm. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 903-015 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973 · with Brennan

President Nixon consulted with Pat Buchanan regarding the administration's response to the intensifying Watergate scandal, which they characterized as a 'hell week.' Buchanan confirmed he had submitted written recommendations to Press Secretary Ron Ziegler concerning a necessary public relations strategy to manage the political fallout and damaging leaks. The two also briefly discussed the unfortunate involvement of John Mitchell as he prepared for his grand jury appearance.

April 20, 1973 · with Brennan

President Nixon and Secretary of Labor Peter J. Brennan met briefly to discuss the administration's ongoing struggle with the intensifying Watergate scandal and the negative impact of unauthorized leaks. Nixon emphasized the necessity of surviving the political crisis and outlined the need for a more coherent public relations strategy to protect innocent staff members from unfair allegations. The two men also confirmed that Brennan had submitted his policy recommendations for upcoming initiatives.

April 20, 1973 · with Ehrlichman & Haldeman

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon, John D. Ehrlichman, and H. R. ("Bob") Haldeman met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 12:07 pm and 12:15 pm. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 903-017 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973

On April 20, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 12:07 pm and 12:15 pm. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 903-018 of the White House Tapes.

April 20, 1973 · with Kissinger, Ehrlichman & Haldeman

In this meeting, President Nixon, H.R. Haldeman, and John Ehrlichman discuss the intensifying Watergate investigation and the shifting legal strategies of John Dean, who had recently changed attorneys. The participants focus on insulating the White House from culpability, with Haldeman and Ehrlichman detailing their lack of direct involvement and asserting that Dean had acted as an impediment to their previous efforts to produce a full report on the scandal. Additionally, they discuss the growing political risks regarding administrative oversight and the danger of accepting broad responsibility for campaign actions.

April 20, 1973 · with Moore

President Nixon and Richard A. Moore discussed the narrative surrounding the La Costa meeting, focusing on framing the President's directives regarding Donald Segretti as legitimate attempts to formulate political strategy rather than obstruction. They reviewed the involvement of key figures including John Mitchell, John Dean, H.R. Haldeman, and John Ehrlichman, particularly regarding the distribution of funds to Watergate defendants. Nixon sought to clarify and distance his inner circle from potential legal culpability by emphasizing that his subordinates did not knowingly participate in illegal activities.

April 24, 1973

On April 24, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 9:05 pm and 9:19 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-132 of the White House Tapes.

April 24, 1973 · with Ziegler

President Nixon and Press Secretary Ronald Ziegler discussed the potential publication of damaging press stories, specifically addressing a rumor involving Herbert Klein and Art Buchwald that was ultimately retracted. The conversation shifted to a Washington Star article concerning internal conflicts between John Ehrlichman and Clark MacGregor regarding the Committee to Re-elect the President's (CRP) investigation of itself. Nixon directed Ziegler to coordinate with Bryce Harlow to secure a briefing on the situation before the President's upcoming morning meeting.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 8:10 am and 8:17 am. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-134 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Sanchez

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 8:10 am and 8:17 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 904-001 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 8:10 am and 8:17 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 904-002 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, White House operator and President Richard M. Nixon talked on the telephone at 8:17 am. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-135 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 8:17 am and 8:25 am. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-136 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, White House operator and President Richard M. Nixon met in the Oval Office of the White House at 8:17 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 904-003 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973

President Nixon coordinated his morning schedule with an aide, confirming the immediate availability of his barber. He further requested a brief delay to accommodate an incoming telephone call before meeting with H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman. Instructions were issued to have these advisors arrive at the Executive Office Building 15 minutes ahead of their scheduled appointment.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 8:17 am and 8:25 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 904-005 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Petersen & Bull

President Nixon met with Stephen B. Bull and Ronald L. Ziegler to reorganize his upcoming schedule, specifically focusing on balancing social obligations and streamlining presidential events. Separately, discussions with Henry E. Petersen and briefings from Ziegler addressed the growing Watergate crisis, centering on the potential resignations of top aides H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman. Advisers like Bryce Harlow and John Connally emphasized the need for the President to act decisively to separate the administration from the scandal while maintaining the stability of the presidency.

April 25, 1973 · with Petersen & Bull

President Nixon and Assistant Attorney General Henry E. Petersen arranged an evening meeting at the White House to discuss ongoing Watergate investigations. Nixon expressed significant frustration regarding grand jury leaks, pressuring Petersen to administer lie detector tests to the prosecution team to identify the source. The two also discussed the resignation of Jeb Stuart Magruder and the management of public messaging regarding various White House staff members implicated in the scandal.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 9:17 am and 9:21 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 904-007 of the White House Tapes.

904-008Tape 9043 hr 19 min

April 25, 1973 · with Wilson & Strickler

President Nixon met with attorneys John J. Wilson and Frank H. Strickler to discuss legal strategies regarding H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman in the context of the unfolding Watergate scandal. The participants debated the potential impact of indictments, the legal risks associated with hush money payments to defendants, and the potential testimony of John Dean. They also explored the possibility of Haldeman and Ehrlichman resigning to protect the presidency, weighing the timing of such actions against the desire to maintain public confidence and operational continuity.

April 25, 1973 · with Sanchez

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon, unknown person(s), and Manolo Sanchez met in the Oval Office of the White House at an unknown time between 10:46 am and 10:51 am. The Oval Office taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 904-009 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Ziegler

President Nixon and Press Secretary Ronald Ziegler consulted on managing the media narrative regarding the Watergate scandal, specifically addressing the potential implications for H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman. They discussed John Connally’s perspective on the situation and emphasized a strategy of denying presidential involvement in any cover-up. The pair coordinated talking points for an upcoming press briefing to clarify the President’s role in initiating an internal investigation and to distance his administration from the unfolding legal issues.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and H. R. ("Bob") Haldeman met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 10:58 am and 11:06 am. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-002 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Sanchez

President Nixon met with his personal valet, Manolo Sanchez, to coordinate routine personal requests and administrative tasks within the Old Executive Office Building. The conversation primarily focused on securing tobacco supplies and organizing a food order for the President and his top aides, John D. Ehrlichman and H. R. Haldeman. This brief interaction reflects the daily support operations required to maintain the President’s workflow and personal comfort.

April 25, 1973 · with Ehrlichman

John D. Ehrlichman initiates a telephone call to the White House operator to facilitate a connection with Geoffrey C. Shepard. The conversation serves primarily as a logistical administrative step to establish communication between Ehrlichman and Shepard. No substantive policy matters or decisions are discussed during this brief exchange.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman, Ehrlichman & Bull

On April 25, 1973, H. R. ("Bob") Haldeman, White House operator, President Richard M. Nixon, John D. Ehrlichman, unknown person(s), and Stephen B. Bull talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 11:06 am and 1:51 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-140 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman, Ehrlichman & Bull

H. R. Haldeman, with President Nixon and John Ehrlichman present, directed Stephen Bull to urgently secure and transport recordings from the March 10–23, 1973 period. Haldeman instructed Bull to gather all relevant material and ensure it was placed in a secure container for delivery. Additionally, Bull was tasked with procuring a simple, functional playback device capable of handling the tapes, emphasizing the need for immediate action.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman, Ehrlichman & Bull

H. R. Haldeman coordinates with President Nixon, John Ehrlichman, and Stephen Bull regarding the logistical handling and delivery of sensitive materials. The discussion centers on the administrative preparation and movement of tapes, highlighting the internal anxiety surrounding their arrival and custody. Haldeman provides specific instructions to Bull to ensure the materials are secured once they are received.

430-004Tape 4302 hr 33 min

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman, Ehrlichman & Shepard

In this extensive meeting, President Nixon, H. R. Haldeman, and John Ehrlichman deliberate over the escalating Watergate crisis and the potential political and legal fallout for their administration. The participants assess the risks associated with various strategies, including whether to resign, take leaves of absence, or maintain a defensive posture while awaiting the findings of the prosecutor. They express significant concern over the cooperation of John Dean, the threat of potential blackmail, and the urgent need to manage press perceptions to protect the presidency from irreparable damage.

April 25, 1973 · with Bull

President Nixon and Stephen B. Bull briefly coordinated the President's schedule regarding an upcoming meeting with Attorney General Richard G. Kleindienst. Nixon instructed Bull to arrange a telephone call with Kleindienst to confirm that the meeting would proceed as planned. This interaction served to facilitate the administrative logistics required for the President's engagement with the Verification Panel.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 2:01 pm and 3:14 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-144 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Sanchez

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 2:01 pm and 3:14 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-006 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and H. R. ("Bob") Haldeman met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 2:01 pm and 3:14 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-007 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 2:01 pm and 3:14 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-008 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Sanchez

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 2:01 pm and 3:14 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-009 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Sanchez

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 2:01 pm and 3:14 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-010 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 2:01 pm and 3:14 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-011 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Kleindienst

Attorney General Richard G. Kleindienst urgently requested an immediate meeting with President Nixon to discuss the legal implications of John W. Dean III’s recent statements to prosecutor Earl J. Silbert regarding the Daniel Ellsberg case. Kleindienst emphasized that the gravity of the situation required prompt action and legal consultation. The President instructed Kleindienst to report to the White House alone to address the matter.

April 25, 1973 · with Kleindienst

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Richard G. Kleindienst met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building from 3:14 pm to 3:16 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-012 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Sanchez

President Nixon met with his personal aide, Manolo Sanchez, to discuss mundane logistics, including a food order and coordination of his evening schedule. The conversation centered on finalizing plans for dinner with his daughters, Julie Nixon Eisenhower and Tricia Nixon Cox. The President confirmed his intention to move forward with the engagement despite his busy agenda.

April 25, 1973 · with Bull

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Stephen B. Bull met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 3:16 pm and 3:35 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-014 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Kissinger

President Nixon and Henry Kissinger met to coordinate their upcoming schedules and address pressing diplomatic priorities. The brief discussion focused on finalizing arrangements for an important, forthcoming meeting between the two leaders. No specific policy decisions were recorded during this brief exchange, which functioned primarily as a logistical check-in regarding the President’s calendar.

April 25, 1973 · with Kleindienst & Sanchez

President Nixon and Attorney General Richard Kleindienst met to discuss the legal and political fallout surrounding the discovery that E. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy had burglarized the office of Daniel Ellsberg’s psychiatrist. Kleindienst, citing advice from Assistant Attorney General Henry Petersen and Judge Roger Robb, urged the President to immediately disclose this information to the judge overseeing the Ellsberg trial to avoid a cover-up scandal. Nixon expressed deep frustration with John Dean, whom he viewed as self-serving and potentially willing to blackmail the administration to secure personal immunity, and agreed that the Justice Department must follow the legal protocol of disclosure to preserve the integrity of the presidency.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 4:10 pm and 4:25 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-017 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Sanchez

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 4:10 pm and 4:25 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-018 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Higby

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Lawrence M. Higby met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 4:10 pm and 4:25 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-019 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Higby

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Lawrence M. Higby talked on the telephone from 4:25 pm to 4:26 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-146 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Higby

On April 25, 1973, Lawrence M. Higby and President Richard M. Nixon met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building from 4:25 pm to 4:26 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-020 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman

On April 25, 1973, H. R. ("Bob") Haldeman and President Richard M. Nixon talked on the telephone from 4:35 pm to 4:36 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-147 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman

On April 25, 1973, H. R. ("Bob") Haldeman and President Richard M. Nixon met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building from 4:35 pm to 4:36 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-021 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman & Hart

President Nixon and H. R. Haldeman review a transcript of a March 21, 1973, meeting with John Dean to analyze their potential legal exposure regarding the Watergate scandal. The participants discuss the ongoing pressure from E. Howard Hunt for hush money, the potential for obstruction of justice charges, and the risks associated with various cover-up strategies. They deliberate over the feasibility of raising cash for legal fees while attempting to distance the President from the illicit activities and illegal payments described by Dean.

430-023Tape 4301 hr 4 min

April 25, 1973 · with Petersen

President Nixon and Henry E. Petersen met to discuss the ongoing Watergate investigation, focusing heavily on John Dean's attempts to secure immunity and his potential testimony regarding a cover-up. Nixon expressed deep concern over being blackmailed by participants like Dean and reaffirmed his desire for a full investigation while asserting his own lack of prior knowledge regarding illegal activities. The two also addressed the handling of the Ellsberg break-in, the destruction of sensitive documents by L. Patrick Gray, and the necessity of managing political contributions and potential indictments without compromising the presidency.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 6:45 pm and 6:46 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-024 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Bull

President Nixon met with his aide, Stephen B. Bull, to coordinate his upcoming schedule and handle administrative logistics. They reviewed plans for meetings regarding tax policy and economic stabilization with officials such as George P. Shultz and John T. Dunlop. Additionally, the pair discussed preparations for various events, including a reception for White House secretaries and legislative concerns involving Otto E. Passman.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at 6:52 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-148 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 6:52 pm and 6:57 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-149 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at 6:52 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-026 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Sanchez

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 6:52 pm and 6:57 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-027 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and unknown person(s) met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 6:52 pm and 6:57 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-028 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 6:52 pm and 6:57 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-029 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman

President Nixon and H.R. Haldeman discuss legal strategies regarding the Watergate and Ellsberg investigations, focusing on the potential threat posed by John Dean's testimony. They coordinate their plan to have Haldeman and John Ehrlichman testify before the grand jury as a preemptive, positive step to demonstrate cooperation with judicial institutions. Nixon emphasizes the need for his aides to stand firm, expressing skepticism about the likelihood of impeachment based solely on Dean’s allegations while dismissing the immediate need for high-level staff resignations.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman

President Richard Nixon and H.R. Haldeman met in the Old Executive Office Building for a brief administrative exchange. The recording reflects highly fragmented and incoherent dialogue that lacks substantive policy discussion or identifiable decision-making. The interaction serves as an example of the often disjointed nature of the recorded White House tapes during this period.

April 25, 1973 · with Ehrlichman

President Nixon and John Ehrlichman discuss the handling of sensitive materials related to the Watergate investigation and the break-in at the office of Daniel Ellsberg’s psychiatrist. The two officials debate the tactical implications of disclosing information regarding the involvement of the Watergate burglars in the psychiatrist's office, specifically weighing whether to withhold or voluntarily turn over documentation to federal prosecutors. Nixon ultimately concludes that disclosure is inevitable given the current climate, leading them to prioritize managing the fallout of these revelations.

April 25, 1973 · with Ehrlichman

President Nixon and John D. Ehrlichman engaged in a brief, two-minute exchange following a previous discussion. The conversation focused on the President returning a call to Ehrlichman regarding ongoing administrative concerns. No substantive policy or political developments were recorded during this short follow-up interaction.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 7:19 pm and 7:25 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-152 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Sanchez

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and Manolo Sanchez met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at an unknown time between 7:19 pm and 7:22 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-032 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Kleindienst

President Nixon directs Attorney General Richard G. Kleindienst to ensure that the prosecutor and judge in the Daniel Ellsberg case understand the extreme sensitivity of the underlying national security investigation. Nixon emphasizes that information regarding these sensitive sources and methods should be handled with restraint to prevent public exposure. This directive seeks to protect classified intelligence gathering operations by framing the scope of the legal proceedings accordingly.

April 25, 1973 · with Kleindienst

President Nixon met with Attorney General Richard G. Kleindienst to briefly discuss urgent matters, though the brevity and lack of a full transcript obscure the specific nature of their exchange. This encounter occurred during the height of the Watergate investigation, suggesting the discussion centered on legal strategies or the mounting political pressure facing the administration. No concrete decisions were recorded, leaving the ultimate purpose of this brief consultation a matter of historical speculation.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at 7:25 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-154 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Ehrlichman

President Nixon and John Ehrlichman discuss their strategy to mitigate the damage from John Dean’s potential testimony and disclosures regarding White House involvement in sensitive investigations, including the Ellsberg break-in. Nixon informs Ehrlichman that he has instructed officials to categorize the information as a national security matter to prevent public exposure and counter what they perceive as blackmail attempts by Dean. The two discuss the legal necessity of distancing Ehrlichman's defense from H.R. Haldeman’s, while planning a defensive narrative that emphasizes a lack of prior knowledge regarding illegal activities.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator met in the President's office in the Old Executive Office Building at 7:25 pm. The Old Executive Office Building taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 430-034 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Ehrlichman

John Ehrlichman meets with President Nixon to discuss his impending departure from the administration amidst the mounting pressures of the Watergate investigation. Ehrlichman updates the President on his communications regarding his professional future and legal exposure, specifically addressing the risks of being drawn into public testimony or project leadership roles. The conversation centers on navigating potential prosecutorial scrutiny and the strategic necessity of Ehrlichman stepping down from his official duties.

April 25, 1973

On April 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon and White House operator talked on the telephone at an unknown time between 7:39 pm and 7:46 pm. The White House Telephone taping system captured this recording, which is known as Conversation 038-156 of the White House Tapes.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman

President Nixon and H.R. Haldeman discuss the potential threat posed by John Dean, specifically speculating on whether Dean may have surreptitiously recorded past conversations with the President. The participants assess Dean’s credibility as a witness and strategize how to manage the political and legal fallout of his allegations. Ultimately, they decide to maintain a firm stance, focusing on the difficulty Dean will face in proving his claims while questioning his motivations.

April 25, 1973 · with Haldeman

President Richard Nixon and H. R. Haldeman discuss the handling and disposal of personal materials and correspondence. Their dialogue centers on the potential legal or public relations implications of these items being contested, specifically concerning the President’s word against others. The exchange concludes with a focus on organizing or destroying these records to ensure they do not become a liability.